<p>The Wythe House is a historic house on the Palace Green in Colonial Williamsburg, in Williamsburg, Virginia, USA. Built in the 1750s, it was the home of George Wythe, signer of the Declaration of Independence and father of American jurisprudence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wythe House once belonged to George Wythes father-in-law, Richard Taliaferro. The house was constructed between 1752 and 1754 and was conceived as a whole with no additions made to the rectangular two story structure. The house was built during a period of time when the Governors Palace was being renovated.</p><br>
<p>The house remained as the sole household of Taliaferro when his daughter Elizabeth married George Wythe in 1755. The couple received the house as a wedding present from Taliafero and they received a life tenancy upon his death in 1779. Elizabeth lived here until her death in 1787, and George moved to Richmond, Virginia in 1791 to serve as a judge.</p><br>
<p>The house served as headquarters for General George Washington &ndash; September 14 to 17, and 22 to 28, 1781 &ndash; prior to the Siege of Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>The house saw several subsequent owners. In 1926 the Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, Rector of adjoining Bruton Parish Church, established his offices on the second floor after the Parish acquired the building for church use. Dr. Goodwin is known as the "Father of Colonial Williamsburg." Colonial Williamburg officially obtained the property in 1938, and in 1939 the interior was restored to the form and appearance the Wythe family would have known.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<h3>The house</h3><br>
<p>The facade is constructed of red brick with white woodwork and is perfectly symmetrical, with the first floor having two windows on each side of the door, and five windows in alignment with the bottom windows on the second floor. The hip roof has brick chimneys rising from the side slopes of the roof. The roof is supported by a modillion cornice.</p><br>
<p>The lighter-colored bricks framing the windows and doors are called "rubbed bricks," as the masons would rub one side of the bricks against each other until a rosy color became evident. The house has a beveled water table and the walls are laid in Flemish bond. The entrance is reached by a small flight of steps with a large door with raised panels and a transom window.</p><br>
<h3>The property</h3><br>
<p>The property has fine conjectural gardens and several outbuildings including a smokehouse, external kitchen, laundry, poultry house, lumber house, well, dovecote, and a stable. The gardens consist of brick paths and hedges with several small shrubs dotting the landscape. The property is contained by a simple white fence with hedges trimming the edges of the gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The house is a standard center-passage, double-pile plan. A staircase rises on the left side of the passage. The hall contains four door lead to the various rooms.</p><br>
<p>The room interpreted as a parlor by Colonial Williamsburg is to the left before the staircase. A bowfat, a china cupboard, is built into the corner to the left of the fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The dining room is across from the parlor, which it mirrors. A fireplace and bowfat are in the inside wall. Wainscot lines this room; there is a crown molding.</p><br>
<p>A bedroom is located behind the dining room, with a door connecting the two rooms. A white chair rail divides the walls with a black base board. The floors are pine. The bedroom has another doorway leading into the main hall to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The room interpreted as Wythe&#39;s office is located behind the parlor. The room contains a fireplace with a blue mantel and plastered firebox. The floors are pine.</p><br>
<p>The second floor is similar in layout to the first. A central hall runs the length of the house with four bedrooms in the corners of the house. Each of these rooms has a fireplace. The windows on this upper floor are actually slightly smaller than the first floor windows but contain the same amount of panels (18) and a double sash.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone House is the oldest unchanged building in Washington, D.C., United States. The house is also Washington&#39;s last Pre-Revolutionary Colonial building on its original foundation. Built in 1765, Old Stone House is located at 3051 M Street, Northwest in the Georgetown neighborhood. Unlike many Colonial homes in the area, sentimental local folklore preserved the Old Stone House from being demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone House was constructed in three phases during the 18th century and is an example of vernacular architecture. During its history, the house was started as a one-story building and gradually became a used car dealership later. After a renovation by the National Park Service (NPS) in the 1950s, the Old Stone House was turned into a house museum. The Old Stone House stands among the neighborhood&#39;s stores and restaurants as an example of local history for tourists, shoppers, and students. The building is part of the Rock Creek Parkway urban natural area and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The Old Stone House is also a contributing property to the Georgetown Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. Today, the home is 85% original to its 18th-century construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1764, Christopher and Rachel Layman bought Lot Three, a piece of land in Georgetowns commercial district. They paid £1 10s. and financed the construction of a simple one-room house the following year. The lot faced Bridge Street, now known as M Street, NW. The Laymans only possessions were Christopher&#39;s tools, a stove, Bibles, and some furniture. When Christopher died unexpectedly in 1765, Rachel remarried two years later and sold the house to another widow, Cassandra Chew.</p><br>
<p>Chew was a member of the upper-middle class and owned several properties in and around Georgetown. Because of her wealth, Chew was able to finance the construction of a rear kitchen in 1767 and a second floor between 1767 and 1775. The third floor originated in a property line dispute during the 1790s: the original west wall had been constructed six feet (2 m) beyond the property line and had to be dismantled. Chew used the opportunity to add the upper floor and was completed by 1790.</p><br>
<p>Following the American Revolutionary War, government officials had carved out land from Virginia and Maryland to use as the new nations capital. Pierre Charles LEnfant, appointed by President George Washington to design the city layout, arrived in Georgetown on March 9, 1791, and began his work. Washington and LEnfant held their meetings at Suters Tavern, a former building owned by John Suter near 31st and K Streets, NW. At the time, John Suter Jr. was renting a room at the Old Stone House and for many years, locals believed that Washington and LEnfant had actually met at the Old Stone House instead. This folklore is the reason the house was never demolished, and for many years a sign hung over the front door which said, "George Washingtons Headquarters." After some research done by the National Park Service, they found out that the folklore was not true. By the time they had found that out, they already owned the House and the property.</p><br>
<p>When Chew died in 1807, she bequeathed Old Stone House to one of her daughters, Mary Smith Brumley, who became the first of many owners who operated businesses out of the house. Like her mother, Brumley was a businesswoman and ran a successful merchant&#39;s shop inside the home. The house, then known as the Layman home, remained in the family until 1875.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the house had been used as a shop for hats, tailors, locksmiths, clockmakers, house roofers and house painters. The Old Stone House was still privately owned in 1953 &ndash; serving as used car dealership that used the back yard as a parking lot &ndash; when the Federal government purchased the property for $90,000 ($ today) and turned it over to the National Park Service. Between 1953 and 1960 the NPS removed the majority of 19th and 20th century intrusions to the home and the parking lot was turned into an English garden.</p><br>
<p>After the renovation, the Old Stone House was opened to the public in 1960. It became a part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, but stewardship of the house was later transferred to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. In the late 1980s, stewardship of the Old Stone House was once again transferred, this time to the Rock Creek Park.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Old Stone House is an example of vernacular architecture. The exterior of the house, constructed of blue granite and fieldstone, was quarried from a location two miles (3 km) away near the Potomac River. The walls range from two to three feet (60-90 cm) thick. The oak used in the house was harvested from forests that were once predominant in Georgetown.</p><br>
<p>On the first floor, the original roof and front door were constructed of solid oak and cut with a pit saw. Marks left by the large saw can be seen on the first floor. The kitchen walls and fireplace contain irregular stones that were stacked and affixed with a mortar consisting of sand, lime, ash, and water. The kitchen&#39;s hearth is large enough to heat the entire house.</p><br>
<p>The second floor architecture differs significantly from the first floor since Chew was able to afford higher quality building material. A second doorway and staircase were constructed for family members and guests. The original entrance was then reserved for workmen and deliveries. There are three rooms located on this floor, the dining room, a bedroom, and the parlor. The hallway between the dining room and two front rooms features a high ceiling for ventilation in Georgetown&#39;s hot summers. The second floor walls were plastered and painted. Chair rails were added to prevent damage to the walls. In the dining room, a dumbwaiter concealed by recessed pine cabinetry delivered food from the kitchen below. A clock believed to have been made by John Suter Jr., located in the dining room, is the only original piece of furniture left in the house. The clock dates back to the early 19th century. The bedroom features a carved wooden mantle that is believed to be of French origin.</p><br>
<p>The third floor, constructed of brick, was a private space. It was completed around 1790. It is much plainer than the second floor, with unfinished paneling and unpainted walls. There are three rooms on this floor, believed to be childrens bedrooms and a storage area. A closet is attached to the third-floor bedroom, an unusual feature in 18th-century colonial houses. Closets were considered to be rooms by the British monarchy and therefore were subject to a "closet tax". Due to it being built after the Revolutionary War, the Old Stone Houses closet was not subject to the tax.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Revival garden, located behind the house and bordered by a white picket fence, is 399 ft deep and 76 ft wide. Roses, perennials, and bulbs are located throughout the garden.</p><br>
<h2>Current usage</h2><br>
<p>Visitors are greeted by Park Rangers who tell the history of one of the oldest structures in Washington DC. The building is open to the public seven days a week, from 11:00am to 6:00pm (eastern time) and the garden is open every day from dawn until dusk.</p><br>
<p>The John Coltrane Home is a house in the Dix Hills neighborhood of Huntington, Suffolk County, New York, where saxophonist John Coltrane lived from 1964 until his death in 1967. It was in this home that he composed his landmark work, A Love Supreme.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Coltrane and his wife moved their family to Long Island in 1964. The family included his wife, Alice Coltrane; her daughter, Michelle, from a previous marriage; and their three children, John Jr., Ravi and Oran. He lived in this house until he died from liver cancer at Huntington Hospital on July 17, 1967, at the age of 40. Alice Coltrane lived in the house until 1973.</p><br>
<p>The basement of the house was the site of Coltrane Studios, where many of his demo recordings were made. It is a 1950s era brick and wood frame "Farm Ranch" building with four bedrooms, living room, studio in the basement and a practice room above the garage. The practice room above the garage, specifically, has been credited as being the site where A Love Supreme was composed.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>In 2002, the 3.4 acre plot and house were threatened by a property developer, Ash Agrawal, who was going to raze the house and subdivide the grounds. A local historian, Steve Fulgoni, launched a campaign to find a benefactor to buy the home in 2004,</p><br>
<p>and in 2006 it was purchased by the Town of Huntington and given to the "Friends of the Coltrane Home."</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the home was added to the New York State and the National Register of Historic Places. This honor is rare, given the relatively new construction of the house, but is a reflection of its significance. In 2011, the National Trust for Historic Preservation included the home on its list of the 11 Most Endangered Places.</p><br>
<p>The Wanton–Lyman–Hazard House is the oldest surviving house in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Built ca. 1697, it is also one of the oldest surviving houses in the state. It is located at the corner of Broadway and Stone Street, in the downtown section of the city in the Newport Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The house "was damaged by Stamp Act riots in 1765 when occupied by a Tory Stampmaster."</p><br>
<p>The house has passed through several owners since its construction, and has been renovated and improved by some of them. The three for whom it is named were not the first, but they were members of a family, related by marriage that owned it for over a century, from shortly before the Revolution to 1911. Since the 1920s it has been owned by the Newport Historical Society (NHS), which renovated it and converted it to a historic house museum. In 1960 it was among the first National Historic Landmarks designated by the Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Today the house is a five-bay wooden clapboard structure with a high peaked roof that slopes down in the rear and plaster cornice. It is painted a historic shade of dark red, except for a white door and entryway with pilasters and a small pediment.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stephen Mumford, a Sabbatarian and merchant, built the house in the late 17th century as a simple two-story structure with one room on either side of a central chimney. His son sold it to Richard Ward, a lawyer and governor of Rhode Island, in the early 18th century. Sometime before 1725, a lean-to-styled kitchen was built on the north side of the house.</p><br>
<p>Martin Howard, Jr., a lawyer and Loyalist (Tory) owned the house afterwards. He decorated the house with molding and paneling inside. He fled in 1766 following the Stamp Act Riots, during which he was hanged in effigy as a reaction to his coauthorship of a pamphlet criticizing the opponents of the Act for their disrespect to the Crown and Parliament. The house was slightly damaged by an angry mob.</p><br>
<p>A Quaker merchant, John Wanton, bought the house at auction later that year. In 1782 his son-in-law Daniel Lyman, a Revolutionary major, inherited it. Three years later he added the rear wing to accommodate his growing family. From him it passed to Benjamin Hazard, who had married another of Wantons daughters in 1807. The Hazard family sold the property in 1911, after Mary Hazard, Benjamins last surviving daughter, died. The building then fell into disrepair and remained vacant.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the Newport Historical Society purchased it and renovated it with the help of colonial architectural renovationist and historian, Norman Isham. He and the Society chose to renovate it in a combination of several of the period styles it had passed through. That resulted in removing the rear wing and restoring the upstairs bedroom to its original appearance.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, a Preliminary Historic Structure Report was done, allowing the historical society to get grants for another renovation and stabilization. The four-year project was finished in 2001. During that time, the NHS had also agreed to work with the Newport Garden Club to restore the original grounds and plantings. Archeological research conducted on the property for that project has led to some newer revelations about the house. Among them was an interior and exterior paint analysis, which has led to the house&#39;s paint scheme being adjusted.</p><br>
<p>Great Friends Meeting House is a meeting house of the Religious Society of Friends  built in 1699 in Newport, Rhode Island. The meeting house, which is part of the Newport Historic District, is currently open as a museum owned by the Newport Historical Society. It is the oldest surviving house of worship in Rhode Island and features wide-plank floors, plain benches, a balcony, a beam ceiling, and a shingle exterior. Significant additions were made in 1730, 1807, 1857, and 1867. The meeting house was built on land owned by Nicholas Easton who donated his land in the 1670s and likely his house for the first Quaker meeting house which was located nearby on Farewell Street before the current meeting house was built in 1699.</p><br>
<p>The Quaker community in Newport largely controlled the culture and politics of the town in the 17th and 18th centuries, and many Quakers lived nearby in the historic "Easton&#39;s Point" section of Newport, where their houses have survived. The meeting house was used as a house of worship until the New England Yearly Meeting of Friends departed in 1905. The local African American community used the building as a community center until the 1970s when architect Orin M. Bullock restored the building, and in 1971 its owner Mrs. Sydney L. Wright donated the structure to the Newport Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Randolph Cottage, now the Virginia E. Randolph Museum is a museum at 2200 Mountain Road in Glen Allen, Virginia. The museum is dedicated to the history of Virginia E. Randolph , an African-American vocational educator in the area for 55 years. The building, built in 1937 and housing Randolph&#39;s home economics classrooms, is a National Historic Landmark in recognition of her legacy as a trainer of vocational teachers, and her remains are interred on the grounds. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Virginia Randolph Museum is located east of Glen Allen, on the north side of Mountain Road, just east of the main buildings of the Academy at Virginia Randolph, part of the Henrico County public schools. The museum building is a single-story brick house, with a gabled roof pierced by three dormers. It is not architecturally distinctive, and its interior has been partitioned to better serve its present purpose as a museum. It was built in 1937 with federal funding assistance.</p><br>
<p>Virginia E. Randolph was born to former slaves, and made her early career as an educator. In 1908 she was chosen by the Henrico County supervisor to develop a model program of vocational teacher&#39;s training and supervision. Under the auspices of the Jeanes Foundation, the methods and plans developed by Virginia Randolph in Henrico County eventually achieved internationally widespread adoption.</p><br>
<p>Randolph also continued to teach in the Henrico County schools until her retirement in 1949. The home economics building, where she is said to have had an office, continued to be used as a teaching facility until 1969-70, and was then converted by the county into a museum in Randolph&#39;s honor. Randolph is buried in a grave nearby.</p><br>
<p>Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station, is a neighborhood in the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, located in the west central portion of the city encompassing approximately 1500 homes. Roughly, its boundaries include the area south of West Markham, north of Interstate 630, east of Pine, and west of Summit, as well as south of Riverview between Park and Summit. Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station is just west of Downtown, north of the Central High School Historic District, Southeast of Pulaski Heights and uses the 72205 ZIP code.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Capitol View/Stiffts Station neighborhood is the result of Little Rocks early 20th century westward growth. Located west of the Arkansas State Capitol, Capitol View and Stifft&#39;s Station were the combined result of numerous additions to, what was at the time, western Little Rock.</p><br>
<p>The architecture of the neighborhood is predominately Craftsman, Craftsman Bungalow, and Bungalow with modest Tudor or Colonial Revival detailing; One may also find Shotgun Houses, Queen Anne or American Foursquare styled homes, as well as various period revival influences including Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture. The dominance of these styles in the neighborhood reflects its principal growth period of 1920 to 1929 with roughly 40% of building stock constructed within this decade. Combined with construction undertaken in the 1930s, this period accounts for the majority of housing stock built within the neighborhood. Although construction of Interstate 630 in the 1970s dramatically altered the southern edges of the area, the neighborhood is largely intact and much of the original housing stock remains.</p><br>
<p>There are architecturally and historically significant structures and sites which merit preservation and protection within the area. Two structures in the area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the T.R. McGuire House and Lamar Porter Field.</p><br>
<p>The T.R. McGuire House, located at 114 Rice Street, is a 1904 Colonial Revival cottage executed in structural concrete blocks. Although there are several Colonial Revival cottages throughout the area, The T.R. McGuire House is exemplary as a triumph in concrete block construction.</p><br>
<p>Lamar Porter Field, developed as a Works Progress Administration project, consists of a stadium and ball field which has historically served as the center of activity and social gatherings for the neighborhood. The facility was constructed on property donated by the Porter family and now owned by the Billy Mitchell Boys and Girls Club.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood also contains two historic districts: the Capitol View Historic District and the Stifft Station Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>Capitol View Historic District</h3><br>
<p>Capitol View is the eastern part of the Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station neighborhood. The Capitol View Historic District comprises the area east of Woodrow, North of Seventh street or the railroad tracks (whichever is further north), South of Markham, and west of Schiller south of Second Street. North of Second Street, Summit marks the eastern boundary. Between Park and Summit, the area extends north to include the area between Markham and Riverview.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol View Historic District is contained within Section 4, Township 1 North, and Range 12 West of Little Rock, Arkansas. Its most distinctive features include a river view from a bluff high above the Arkansas River as well as, appropriately, a view of the Arkansas State Capitol from numerous vantage points both north and south of Markham Street, which bisects the district and divides it into two unequal parts. Its varied topography, characterized by substantial variation in elevation enhances the possibilities of scenic overlooks and, no doubt, was a principal attraction for developers in the late nineteenth and first quarter of the twentieth century. The district has remained almost exclusively residential in character throughout its history. A handful of duplexes, three apartment buildings and a pair of grocery stores are the only exceptions among the 501 buildings included in the Capitol View historic district.</p><br>
<p>The architecture of the Capitol View Historic District is, like the entire Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station neighborhood, predominately Craftsman, Craftsman Bungalow and Bungalow with modest Tudor or Colonial Revival detailing. Building scale and decorative detailing is generally homogeneous; its limited variation is reflective of a similarly homogeneous residential character as an enclave of modest homes for middle and working-class individuals. Forested pockets of hardwoods and evergreens remain as present-day reminders of the wooded appeal of this area and its welcome change from the increasingly developed “Original City of Little Rock”. Or as an Arkansas Gazette reporter observed in 1915, like Pulaski Heights, this hilly terrain "...owe(d) much of its fame for beauty of landscape to the pines, those majestic green robed sentinels that stood watch over the hill and vale long before the city dwellers came hence to build their bungalows and chicken coops."</p><br>
<p>As of 2004, 269 of the 501 properties included in the district (54%) are contributing historic buildings, 181 (36%) are non-contributing historic buildings (altered or synthetically sided) and 51 (10%) are non-contributing buildings constructed since 1950.</p><br>
<p>The additions or portions of additions included within the Capitol View Historic District, listed chronologically according to the dates they were first platted, are: Worthen’s Subdivision, Capitol Hill Extension, Plunkett’s Second Addition, the northwest corner of E.M. Phillips Addition, Ferndale Addition, Capitol View and Union Depot (platted the same year), Virginia Heights, Young’s Park and Bodman’s Addition.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol View Historic District provides a glimpse of an almost exclusively residential neighborhood intended for middle and working-class residents. Time has wrought its changes on both the socio-economic and ethnic diversity of the area, though it remains solidly middle-class in many sections. Like other mid-town neighborhoods such as the Central High Historic District to the south, inadequate maintenance, conversion of larger homes to multi-unit rental property, and, consequently, deterioration due to short-term rental residency, as well as the prevalent application of artificial siding have taken their toll. Nonetheless, its handsome housing stock, the absence of commercial intrusion, reasonable real estate prices and an active neighborhood association have invigorated its renewal and encouraged its residents’ allegiance to these neighborhoods both north and south of Markham. Moreover, features which made these properties attractive to buyers in the first quarter of the century retain their draw still as the century draws to its close—proximity to the downtown business district, plentiful shade trees and, for those homeowners along the ridge overlooking the river, a panoramic view of the Arkansas River.</p><br>
<h3>Stifft Station Historic District</h3><br>
<p>Stiffts Station makes up the western part of the Capitol View/Stiffts Station neighborhood. The historic district is rectangular in configuration and is bounded by a historically significant traffic artery, Markham, on the north, Woodrow (formerly May) on its eastern edge, 7th Street along its southern perimeter and Martin forming the western boundary. The neighborhood remains one of mixed use, though primarily residential in character, and includes a commercial band along Markham distinguished by storefronts and freestanding commercial structures. The commercial development along the Northern edge of the district is complemented by additional non-residential development along the Southern boundary. Specifically, the Little Rock School District’s Woodruff Elementary School, designed in 1911 by Theo M. Sanders, sits in the Southeast corner of the district while the Billy Mitchell Boys and Girls Club is its neighbor to the North and Lamar Porter Field (NR 12-06-90) is positioned to its immediate west.</p><br>
<p>One surmises that the name of Stifft&#39;s Station was derived from the development of the Stifft Addition and the active participation of the prominent local businessman and civic booster Charles Stifft in the growth of this portion of Little Rock’s streetcar suburbs. It appears on the 1929 map of the “Street Railways of Little Rock” at the intersection of Markham and Prospect Avenue (now Kavanaugh), where a trolley stop was located on the Pulaski Heights Line. Additionally, the city directory from that same year records the operation of two neighborhood businesses which included “Stifft Station” in their names — one a grocery store and the other a barber shop—-which underscores the adoption of the name generally. Because the area retains this name and identity, it is the obvious choice for the district’s appellation.</p><br>
<p>There are 295 structures included in the Stifft Station Historic District, 238 are contributing while another 57 are considered non-contributing, principally because of condition rather than date of construction with two already included individually on the National Register of Historic Places. Consequently, the district can boast of an extraordinary 81% of contributing to non-contributing structures. The district sits alongside the southern portion of the Capitol View Historic District, notably sharing a boundary along Woodrow with the Young’s Park and Ferndale Additions.</p><br>
<p>The additions or portions of additions within the Stifft Station Historic District, listed chronologically according to the dates when they were first platted are: C.O. Kimball and Bodemann Addition (1890), Beach Addition (1893), C.H. Taylor Addition (1895), Boone’s Addition (1896), Stifft’s Addition (1898), Feild’s Addition (1911), Hick’s Subdivision of Block 4 of Boone’s Addition (1912), E.F. Feild Addition (1926). It is also noteworthy that despite its platting in the late nineteenth century, according to city directory listings and Sanborn maps, the first houses were not built on these lots until after 1910.</p><br>
<p>City directories, Sanborn maps, abstract records and other historical sources help to paint a picture of the neighborhood. Within its boundaries, one finds a plentiful offering of largely unaltered working class cottages accompanied by a still robust commercial strip along West Markham as well as a bustling elementary school and the landmark Lamar Porter Field made famous by the local hero Brooks Robinson who grew up playing in its outfield. Even the Billy Mitchell Boys and Girls Club with its playground and open spaces serves as a reminder of fields and woods where the children of Stifft Station Historic District played as their neighborhood grew from a sprinkling of scattered houses in the first years of the twentieth century to the fully realized and largely stable neighborhood it remains today. Stifft Station Historic District is a credit to its humble but handsome housing stock, reasonable real estate prices, minimal intrusive or unsightly infill and, significantly, its residents willingness to acknowledge the importance of an active neighborhood association.</p><br>
<h2>Socioeconomic profile</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, approximately two percent of the City of Little Rocks residents called the Capitol View/Stiffts Station area home. The racial distribution within the neighborhood is similar to that of the city: approximately 34 percent black and just under 65 percent white. However, also like the city, the neighborhood is subdivided geographically into different socio-economic zones. An example of this stratification is that almost 52 percent of the households in the area are classified as low and moderate income; however, the westernmost quarter of the neighborhood is over 61 percent low and moderate income, while 60 percent of the "Johnson - Woodrow area" households are higher income.</p><br>
<p>Over 53 percent of the Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station area households were at an income level, in 1990, between $10,000 and $30,000. This compares to 38.1 percent of the households in Little Rock while, at the upper end, only 9.6 percent of households in the area had incomes over $50,000. The citywide percent of households with incomes over $50,000 was 22.2 percent in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The population profile of the neighborhood, in 1996, showed an area more middle-aged than that of Little Rock (residents aged over 65 and less than 18 both represented a lesser percentage than that of the overall city population). In addition, the female population is slightly larger in the area than citywide (54.4 to 53.6 percent). Single parent households also account for a greater percentage of neighborhood households than citywide. All of the increases in single parent households come from female headed households. For the city, 11.4% of households are single parent homes. Family and household sizes are generally smaller in Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station than compared with the rest of the city. This is due in part to the high percentage of one person households (41.8 percent compared to 32 percent citywide). The neighborhood is overwhelmingly single family at over 63 percent.</p><br>
<h2>City services</h2><br>
<p>The Central Arkansas Transit Authority provides bus service in and through the neighborhood. One Downtown to West Little Rock route travels Markham Street to Kavanaugh Boulevard providing residents access to both Downtown and the Rodney Parham Road area. Bus routes along 7th Street and Capitol Avenue provide access to the West Markham Street area and the Otter Creek Neighborhood. The bus system is radial, downtown to the outskirts and back, much like the spokes of a wheel. Therefore, to go east, north or south, the rider must first go downtown and transfer. The Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station neighborhood has a service level as good as any residential area in metropolitan Little Rock.</p><br>
<p>Capitol View/Stifft&#39;s Station has no fire stations, either historic or modern, within its boundaries. One surmises that this area’s fire protection needs were served, initially, by either Fire Station #3, which was opened at 3515 12th in 1911, or Fire Station #7, in operation by 1916 at Beechwood and Prospect (now Kavanaugh).</p><br>
<h2>Notable places</h2><br>
<h3>Schools</h3><br>
<p>Arkansas School for the Blind</p><br>
<p>Arkansas School for the Deaf</p><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>Lamar Porter Field</p><br>
<p>Sumner Library is a neighborhood library located in the Near-north neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Originally part of the Minneapolis Public Library, it became part of the merged Hennepin County Library in 2008. The Carnegie Library was a haven for Jewish immigrants to the city in the early 20th century. The Minneapolis Public Library moved its entire collection of Yiddish and Hebrew works to the branch library in response to a survey showing that 95% of the patrons were Jewish immigrants, some of whom learned English there and participated in social clubs in the building. The Tudor Revival building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Sumner and the 14 other libraries of Minneapolis Public Library were merged into the combined urban/suburban Hennepin County Library in 2008. The library celebrated its 100th anniversary on Oct. 10, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment and Carnegie Grant</h2><br>
<p>Sumner Library opened on June 5, 1912 in a rented store room at 901 6th Ave. N in Minneapolis. Young people flocked to the library for reading materials, and many adults used the library’s collection of juvenile materials to learn English. Approximately 90% of the library’s patrons were Jewish immigrants. From the outset, reading materials in Russian, Yiddish, and Hebrew were in high demand, and the foreign language collection was entirely “read out” by 1913.</p><br>
<p>Just a few months prior to the library’s opening in rented quarters, the Minneapolis Public Library received notice that the Carnegie Corporation was offering them $125,000 to erect four branch libraries. Gratia Countryman, Head Librarian of the Minneapolis Public Library, had worked tirelessly to secure the grant. Countryman believed that extension services would enable the library to reach as many people as possible, and the branch libraries were a key component of extension work in the Minneapolis Public Library system.</p><br>
<p>Sumner Library was the third of four branch libraries in Minneapolis to be constructed with funds from Carnegie. Minneapolis architect Cecil Bayless Chapman designed the library in the Tudor Revival style. The brick L-shaped library featured arched ceilings and a central tower where the main entrance and librarian’s office were. Sumner Library’s new building officially opened on December 16, 1915 at 6th Ave. N and Emerson. After being open just one month, the new building was already too small. Staff reported that one-third of the children who came to the library could not find a place to sit, and adults were crowded out of the library altogether.</p><br>
<h2>Multiculturalism and the Library</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the entirety of its existence, Sumner Library has been a mainstay among services helping immigrants adapt to life in the United States. Almost as soon as the building opened, Sumner Library hosted English and citizenship courses. Since many adults in the neighborhood did not speak English, library staff would ask children, who often did speak English, to tell their parents about the classes. Today, the library continues to offer assistance to people earning their GED, learning English and studying for their citizenship exam through tutoring and classes offered by the Open Door Learning Center.</p><br>
<p>Sumner Library has served a wide variety of ethnic and religious groups since its establishment in North Minneapolis. Initially, the population that lived near and used Sumner Library was primarily Jewish. Adelaide Rood, Branch Librarian from 1916-1953, saw the library as a place that could help people of different cultural groups understand one another. In 1931, the library held its first “Jewish Book Week,” displaying Jewish books and items. In the 1940s, the library decorated for Christmas and Hanukkah, creating good-will among patrons. By as early as the 1920s, however, Jewish families began moving farther north and west, out of the vicinity of the library. By 1961, the library reported that the neighborhood could no longer be thought of as a Jewish neighborhood, but an African American neighborhood, and the library’s collection of Yiddish and Hebrew books was transferred to the Central Library.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood surrounding Sumner Library has been home to African Americans since before the library was built. In the 1920s, the library established reading rooms in the Border Avenue Methodist Church and in the Phyllis Wheatley Settlement House for African Americans in order to reach more African Americans on the Northside. In the 1970s, responding to the needs of the community, Branch Librarian Grace Belton set out to identify and collect resources on Black history and literature as a means of providing access to these resources and preserving Black heritage. By 1988, this collection included 2,500 titles. In 1998, the collection was named the Gary N. Sudduth African American History and Culture Collection, after the Library Board Trustee and Urban League President Gary N. Sudduth. As of 2015, the collection contains over 5,000 titles for children, teens, and adults.</p><br>
<p>From the 1920s until the 1940s, Sumner library also served Finnish people. The library housed a collection of Finnish materials until 1954, when it was transferred to the Central Library.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s, people from Southeast Asia began living near and utilizing Sumner Library. By the 1990s, people from Somalia and Ethiopia lived on the Northside and began using the library as well. As of 2015, the library houses Somali, Hmong, and Spanish language collections.</p><br>
<h2>Changes to the Building</h2><br>
<p>After Sumner Library opened in 1915, inadequate space was always an issue. In 1927, a much needed addition was built on the west side of the library. The new addition housed the children’s room and a workroom.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, Sumner Library was moved 100 feet north to accommodate the widening of 6th Avenue. The work was done by a crew of six men, who moved the building from its original location one-eighth of an inch at a time with a large jack. Books were covered with newspaper during the move to prevent damage. Moving the library cost $32,000. At the same time the library was moved, an addition was built on the north side of the library. The addition was used as an office and a reference room.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the library was renovated once again. Additions were built on the north and west sides of the library, and the library’s entrance was relocated to the north side of the building. Existing parts of the library were also restored and preserved to maintain aspects of the building’s original design. Minneapolis architects, Mohammed Lawal and Peter Sussman, designed the renovations. Lawal grew up on the Northside and used Sumner Library as a child.</p><br>
<h2>Programming</h2><br>
<p>Sumner Library has established itself as an important neighborhood community space by hosting many clubs, events, and classes over the years. Children’s clubs and programming were especially popular in Sumner’s early years. From the 1920s to the 1940s, troops of Boy Scouts met regularly at Sumner Library. In 1927, staff started a library club for girls. Members would mend books and magazines, shelve books, and keep the children’s room organized. The library club was so popular that there was a waiting list to join the club. In 1947, the library offered a teen book club for girls. During the 1950s, films for adults were shown regularly at the library, and in the 1960s, the library showed films based on children’s books.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Branch Librarian Grace Belton recognized that literacy rates were low among adults living near Sumner Library, and a literacy class for adults was established at the library the following year. Though the class was successful and in high demand, the program ceased soon after it started due to budget cuts. Shortly after, the Minnesota Literacy Council began an adult reading program at Sumner Library which became known as the “Northside Reading Center,” now known as the Open Door Learning Center. Belton also worked hard to establish literacy programs for children. She hosted storytimes, visited schools, met with parents, and spent time developing some of the library’s most successful summer reading programs for kids. When Dan Kelty became Sumner’s Community Librarian in 1999, the summer reading program reached capacity and 2,000 children took part in the library’s Reading Club.</p><br>
<p>Today, programming at Sumner Library continues to focus on literacy, where literacy is understood as something achieved in many ways - through reading, writing, homework, conversation, and art. The library hosts regular programs for adults such as adult homework help and conversation circles for people wanting to practice speaking English. Regular programs for children include homework help, baby storytime, family storytime, and childcare group storytime. Programs such “Sing Play Learn,” the Juneteenth Celebration, and genealogy research are brought to the library through Legacy funding. The Friends of Sumner Library also support programming efforts through advocacy and fundraising.</p><br>
<h2>Famous Visitors</h2><br>
<p>Sumner Library has hosted a number of famous visitors throughout its history. In 1962, Harrison Salisbury, noted author, New York Times columnist, and former patron of Sumner Library, visited and spoke at the library’s 50th anniversary celebration. In 1981, poet Maya Angelou visited and gave a lecture at Sumner Library. Justice Alan Page and his wife Diane visited the library in 1984 as part of the library’s “Read…By All Means” program promoting the value of reading. In 2013, American Civil Rights Movement leader James Meredith visited the library.</p><br>
<p>The Robert H. Sunday House is located in Marshalltown, Iowa, United States. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in the Usonian style, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Initially the Sundays choose the Usonian Automatic, a natural concrete block model, for their home. When it provided unworkable, Wright sent the plans for this house. In style and materials it is very similar to the 1953 Usonian Exhibition House. It was the sixth of seven houses designed by Wright and built in this style in Iowa. Sunday, who owned Marshall Lumber in Marshalltown, acted as his own general contractor. In fact, he and his wife did much of the work themselves. It is also believed to be last of this style built in brick. John H. Howe, a Wright assistant who supervised the initial construction, designed an addition to this house in 1970 that conforms seamlessly with the original. It includes the family room, family room terrace, and the dining room. The original house followed an "L" shaped plan, and with the addition it is now a "T" shaped plan. Howe had previously designed  the building for Sundays business.</p><br>
<p>The Philadelphia Lazaretto was the first quarantine hospital in the United States, built in 1799, in Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The site was originally inhabited by the Lenni Lenape, and then the first Swedish settlers in America. Nearby Province Island was the site of the confinement of the Christian Moravian Indians who were brought there under protective custody from Lancaster, PA in 1763 when their lives were threatened by the Paxton Boys. The facility predates similar national landmarks such as Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital and Angel Island and is considered both the oldest surviving quarantine hospital and the last surviving example of its type in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first quarantine station for the city of Philadelphia was erected in 1743 just southwest of where the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers meet on the modern Penrose Ferry Road. A building was erected for use by sick people arriving at the port of Philadelphia and was known as the Pest House or the Old Lazaretto. The building was sold in 1802, with the proceeds used to help pay for the newly built Lazaretto, located about six miles west.</p><br>
<p>Efforts to control disease epidemics in the City of Philadelphia did not begin in earnest until after the devastating Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, which killed between 4,000 and 5,000 inhabitants—about one-tenth of the city&#39;s population at the time—and led the national government, which was then located there, to temporarily move out of the city. Following that epidemic, the commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1798 created a Board of Health, controlled by the city, with the power to levy taxes for public health measures. The following year, the city Board of Health erected the Lazaretto on a 10 acre site 10 mi south of the city on the banks of the Delaware in Tinicum Township.</p><br>
<p>The new quarantine station included a hospital, offices, and residences.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In the early 21st century, the site was threatened with development, but the work of local preservationists saved it from leveling.</p><br>
<p>Fan and Mortar Geysers are two geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park. For the past several decades, they have erupted in concert with one another and are generally talked about together. The records detailing these geysers&#39; known eruptive history shows that they have been infrequent and irregular performers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fan and Mortar&#39;s effect on the surrounding area, plus the size of their respective cones reveal that they were very active in the past. However, up until 1925, they were essentially two geysers that were very close to each other as their eruptive patterns were independent of each other and were nowhere near the power of the eruptions of today. Some time preceding 1925, the two must have been eventually become connected at some depth and they have since performed as one very large geyser. Fan Geyser was named by the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition of 1870. Mortar Geyser was named by Frank Jay Haynes in 1883 because eruptions resembled mortar discharges.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The two geysers lie at the edge of the Firehole River. Fan and Mortar Geysers are easily viewed from both the bridge and the sidewalk directly leading north to Morning Glory Pool. This area is just a bit north of Riverside Geyser.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two geysers lay on the edge of the Firehole River, just like Riverside Geyser. However, they are on the same side of the river as the viewing area, unlike Riverside. Mortar consists of the large mortar-looking cone on the left. It consists of the vent in the cone, known as Upper Mortar, the vent right below it, known as Lower Mortar, as well as an additional smaller vent to the left of Lower Mortar. Fan consists of at least seven vents aligned roughly perpendicular to the river. They are known as (starting closest to the river), River Vent(s), High Vent, Gold Vent, Gold 2, Angle Vent, Main Vent, and the East Vent. A numerous assortment of other vents are scattered through the area, as well as one other geyser, close to the boardwalk, known as Spiteful Geyser.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive pattern</h2><br>
<p>The geysers follow a series of cycles of minor activity prior to a major eruption. This normally but not always this cycle is:</p><br>
<p>All vents in the system are quiet,</p><br>
<p>River vent turns on. (If it turns off before Angle vent turns on it is called a "river pause")</p><br>
<p>High vent turns on.</p><br>
<p>Gold vent turns on. (If this vent and all the others turns off before Angle vent turns on it is called a "gold pause")</p><br>
<p>Angle vent turns on. (Cycle is complete once Angle comes on)</p><br>
<p>Now in an eruptive cycle the above cycle normally happens with splashing in Main vent seen and possibly having eruptions by Bottom vent. After all the above vents turn on and then if High and Gold vents start erupting to 5+ ft stedily a "lock" is called. Normally Fan and Mortar will erupt shortly after lock is achieved but it is not certain.</p><br>
<p>Generally the geysers are known to erupt during the completion of the above cycle, although there have been eruptions that begin with Lower Mortar, and ever rarer: Upper Mortar. Preceding an eruption, the water levels in the whole complex will generally rise. However, the geysers may erupt at any time. The geysers&#39; eruption will become more powerful, and the water level in the complex will rise. Splashing in the river and main vents will increase, and there may be a massive surge from the east vent triggering the eruption. All the vents in Fan will constantly jet water, with the angle vent launching water up to the boardwalk, and sometimes beyond it. Fan will show why its name is so deserved, as it erupts out of all seven vents, creating a wide fan-shaped jet that reaches heights of over 100 feet, and arcs water up over the boardwalk, landing 200 feet away from the vent. Mortar, while not as spectacular as Fan, sends jets out of its two main vents up to 50 feet high. Sometimes one vent will dominate the eruption sending a plume of water over 80 feet into the air. The eruption will generally last for around 15 minutes, until it stops, then restarts again, this time fading in power. It does this a few more times, until about 45 minutes have elapsed. It may then enter into a slight steam phase, during which the geysers send brief puffs of steam out of their vents.</p><br>
<p>Monserrate  is a mountain that dominates the city center of Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia. It rises to 3,152 m above the sea level, where there is a church  with a shrine, devoted to El Señor Caído .</p><br>
<p>The hill, already considered sacred in pre-Colombian times when the area was inhabited by the indigenous Muisca, is a pilgrim destination, as well as a major tourist attraction. In addition to the church, the summit contains restaurants, cafeteria, souvenir shops and many smaller tourist facilities. Monserrate can be accessed by aerial tramway, a funicular or by climbing, the preferred way of pilgrims. The climbing route, however, had been indefinitely closed due to drought, and the associated wildfires and landslides. It was reopened in 2017.</p><br>
<p>All downtown Bogotá, south Bogotá and some sections of the north of the city are visible facing west, making it a popular destination to watch the sunset over the city. Every year, Monserrate and its neighbour Guadalupe attract many tourists.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-Columbian era</h3><br>
<p>The history of Monserrate goes back to the pre-Columbian era. Before the Spanish conquest, the Bogotá savanna was inhabited by the Muisca, who were organised in their loose Muisca Confederation. The indigenous people, who had a thorough understanding of astronomy, called Monserrate quijicha caca; "grandmother&#39;s foot". At the solstice of June, the Sun, represented in their religion by the solar god Sué, rises exactly from behind Monserrate, as seen from Bolívar Square. The Spanish conquistadors in the early colonial period replaced the Muisca temples by catholic buildings. The first primitive cathedral of Bogotá was constructed on the northeastern corner of Bolívar Square in 1539, a year after the foundation of the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial period</h3><br>
<p>In the 1620s, the Cofradia de la Vera Cruz ("Brotherhood of Vera Cruz") began using the Monserrates hill top for religious celebrations. As time passed, many devoted residents of Bogotá began participating in the climb to the hill top. In 1650, four gentlemen met with the Archbishop as well as Juan de Borja, the head of the Tribunal of Santafe de Bogotá, in order to secure permission to build a small religious retreat on the top of Monserrate. The founders decided to establish the hermitage retreat in the name of Monserrats Morena Virgin. Her sanctuary was located in Catalonia, near Barcelona, giving the mountain the name Monserrate. Some people believe Montserrat was chosen to be the patron saint, due to one of the founders, Pedro Solis, having an uncle who had previously served as abbot in the Montserrat sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>By 1656, Father Rojas had been assigned guarding the sanctuary and ordered the carving of a crucifix and a statue of Jesus Christ. After this statue was taken off the cross, it earned the name El Señor Caído ("The Fallen Lord"). Originally, these sculptures were placed inside a small chapel dedicated to the adoration of Christ instead of being placed inside the religious retreat itself. As time passed, more and more people began visiting the sanctuary in order to see the statue of Jesus, rather than the matron saint of Monserrat. By the 19th century, the statue of "The Fallen Lord" had gained so much attention, that the sculpture to the Virgin of Montserrat was removed from the hill as the center piece of the sanctuary and replaced with "El Señor Caido". The mountain has retained the name Monserrate afterwards. Ever since then, for more than four centuries, pilgrims and citizens have hiked the mountain to offer their prayers to the shrine of "El Señor Caido".</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Both Monserrate and its neighbor Guadalupe Hill are icons of Bogota&#39;s cityscape. The hill is a touristic attraction with a funicular, cable car, or pilgrimage climbing trail access.</p><br>
<h3>Funicular</h3><br>
<p>Monday to Friday: 7:00 to 11:45 am</p><br>
<p>Saturday: 7:00 to 4:00 pm</p><br>
<p>Sunday: 5:30 to 5:00 pm</p><br>
<p>Holidays: 6:30 to 11:45 am</p><br>
<h3>Teleférico de Monserrate cable car</h3><br>
<p>Monday-Saturday: 12 pm to 12:00 am</p><br>
<p>Sundays: 9:00 to 5:00 pm</p><br>
<p>The Dix Range is a range of mountains in the High Peaks region of the Adirondacks, southeast of Mount Marcy and the Ausable valley, in northeastern New York State. The Dixes are named for John Adams Dix, then Secretary of State under New York Governor William Marcy, later Senator, USA Secretary of the Treasury, and New York Governor. The only exception to this is the mountain formerly named East Dix, which in 2014 was renamed Grace Peak in honor of Grace Leach Hudowalski , who in 1937 became the ninth person and first woman to climb all 46 of the Adirondack High Peaks.</p><br>
<p>The range includes Hough Peak, and Macomb Mountain, Grace Peak, South Dix, and Dix Mountain, the sixth highest peak in the state. The range is approximately 12 mi long by 9 mi wide in a "V" shape, with Macomb at the point of the V.</p><br>
<p>Pim Island  is located off the eastern coast of Ellesmere Island, part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Located within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, it is a part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands.</p><br>
<p>Pim Island is separated from Ellesmere Island by Rice Strait, the waterway that connects Rosse Bay to the north and Buchanan Strait to the south. Nares Strait is to the east. Pim Island is 6 km. from Cocked Hat Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Adolphus Greely expedition wintered at Camp Clay in 1883, and in 1884, Cape Sabine was the rescue site for Greely and the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition. The island is named in honour of naval officer and barrister Bedford Clapperton Trevelyan Pim of the HMS Resolute.</p><br>
<p>Sabine Hall is a historic house located near Warsaw in Richmond County, Virginia. Built about 1730, it is one of Virginia&#39;s finest Georgian brick manor houses. It was built by noted planter Landon Carter . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Sabine Hall is located in a rural setting south of Warsaw, Virginia, on a ridge overlooking the Rappahannock River to the south. The plantation property on which it stands extends as far east as Jugs Creek, and north and west to United States Route 360. The main plantation house is a two-story, brick and stone, Georgian style manor house. It is flanked by later 1-1/2-story brick wings. The center of its main facade is dominated by a two-story four-column portico with pedimented gable. The interior features a fully paneled central hall measuring 18 by, and an ornate carved walnut stairway that has been described as one of the finest in the nation. The house overlooks six gardened terraces descending to the river.</p><br>
<p>The central core of the plantation house was built by noted planter Landon Carter (1710–1778) in about 1730, and was, at the time of its National Register listing, still owned by Carter&#39;s descendants. In 1764 the house was enlarged to join the kitchen outbuilding (since demolished) via a covered passage. One of the wings was added at an unknown date; the other was added in 1929 to give the building visual symmetry.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building and Auditorium, located at 228—250 Auburn Avenue, N.E. in the Sweet Auburn Historic District of Atlanta, Georgia, are historic buildings built in 1912 and 1913, respectively, as the headquarters of the District Grand Lodge No. 18, Jurisdiction of Georgia, of the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows in America. B.S. Ingram was District Grand Master and Dr. William F. Penn was chairman of the building committee. Renowned Atlanta-based architect William Augustus Edwards designed the buildings, while Robert E. Pharrow was the contractor and M.B. Morton was superintendent of construction. Booker T. Washington dedicated the Odd Fellows Building in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building and Auditorium are closely linked with Benjamin Jefferson Davis, Sr. (1870–1945), Atlanta&#39;s most influential black journalist, who edited the Atlanta Independent, the official organ of District No. 18. He was District Grand Secretary and a member of the Building Committee when they were built.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building, called the Tower, is 6 stories high while the Auditorium next door, called the Annex, is 2 stories with an atrium that adds another 2 or 3 stories in height. Both are built of redbrick except for the first floor of the Tower which is stone. The Annex was used for many years as a movie house and was the only major venue in Atlanta where blacks could be seated on the main floor. In addition to providing meeting and office space for the Odd Fellows, the Tower provided office and store space for black-owned businesses and black professionals. Its flat roof was used for dances for many years.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 1975, both buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Tell Chuera is an ancient Near Eastern tell site in Raqqa Governorate, northern Syria. It lies between the Balikh and Khabur rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological researches</h2><br>
<p>The site was first described by Max von Oppenheim in 1913. Excavations were begun in 1958 by a team from the Free University of Berlin led by Anton Moortgat. These efforts continued until the late 1960s. With a new co-leader, Ursula Moortgat-Correns, digs occurred in 1973, 1974 and 1976. Archaeological work at the site then came under the direction of Winfried Orthmann of the University of Halle, until 1998. Excavation then was taken up by a team from the Goethe University Frankfurt, under the direction of Professor Jan-Waalke Meyer.</p><br>
<h2>Tell Chuera and its environment</h2><br>
<p>The site of Tell Chuera is roughly 1 km in diameter and 18 m high.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation history</h2><br>
<p>Originally occupied during the 4th millennium, Tell Chuera became a major site in the 3rd millennium during the Early Dynastic period. It reached its peak around 2350 BC and was then abandoned for reasons as yet unknown. A small settlement was built on the location by the Assyrians during the 2nd millennium. While the early name for the city is unknown, during Middle Assyrian times it was known as Harbe.</p><br>
<p>The Carmichael House, known also as Raines-Carmichael House, Raines-Miller-Carmichael House or Cadwalader Raines House, is a Greek Revival mansion at 1183 Georgia Avenue in Macon, Georgia, United States. Built in 1848, the house is a nationally significant example of Greek Revival architecture, built and designed by local master builder Elam Alexander. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Carmichael House is located in central Macon, at the northeast corner of Georgia Avenue and College Street. It is a two-story wood frame structure, laid out in the form of a Greek cross, with Ionic-columned porches between the arms of the cross, and a large octagonal cupola rising above the center. The corners of the cross arms have broad pilasters, rising to a full entablature and a dentillated cornice, with fully pedimented gable ends. The central feature of the interior is a free-standing spiral staircase that rises all the way to the cupola, and several of the first-floor public chambers have columned niches.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in the late 1840s for Cadawalader Raines, a local judge, by Elam Alexander, one of Macons most important master builders of the period. The house is one of Alexanders most elaborate works, and is now among the best-preserved of his surviving works. The house was described in Howard Major&#39;s Domestic Architecture of the Early American Republic as a striking and detailed example of Greek Revival architecture. Cadwalader Raines died childless in 1856, and the house soon passed out of the family; it was owned in the 20th century by the Carmichaels.</p><br>
<p>The Seth Adams House is a historic house at 72 Jewett Street, in the Newton Corner village of Newton, Massachusetts. Probably built in the mid-1850s, it is a well-preserved example of Italianate architecture. During the 1870s it was home to Seth Adams, one of Newton&#39;s wealthiest residents. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Seth Adams House stands in a residential area on the northwest side of Newton Corner, at the northeast corner of Pearl and Jewett Streets, on a small lot with a low stone retaining wall on the street-facing sides. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It is oriented facing south toward Pearl Street, but its main facade is largely obscured by mature plantings. The eaves and gables are adorned with evenly spaced Italianate brackets, and the front windows have bracketed sills and lintels. The main facade is three bays wide on the first floor and four on the second, with entrance at the center, framed by sidelight and transom windows. A single-story porch extends across the front, supported by latticed square posts.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built in the 1850s, when the Newton Corner area was dotted with country estates of wealthy Boston businessmen. In 1874 it was home to Seth Adams, one of Newton&#39;s wealthiest residents. He was a major benefactor of the Adams-Nervine Asylum in Jamaica Plain. The house is now a condominium consisting of 3 apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Serranía del Pinche are part of the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The mountains consist of several high peaks with small patches of isolated páramo and provide a corridor between the Pacific and Andean biogeographic regions. It is located municipality of Argelia in the Department of Cauca. This area is under consideration for protection as a Flora and Fauna Sanctuary by the Colombian government. This area is important for its incredible biodiversity and high percentage of primary forest. An endemic hummingbird - the gorgeted puffleg  - is only found here and the population is considered to be critically endangered.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range is located in southwestern Colombia on the western flank of the West Andes in south central Cauca Department, on the border with Nariño Department. It includes the villages of El Naranjal, Las Pilas, La Belleza, Lusitania and Santa Clara within the municipality of Argelia. The altitudinal range varies between 2,200 m and 3,800 m. The western border consists of the upper basins of the Timbiquí and Guapi Rivers. To the north are the Plateado and Napi Rivers and to the south and east is the upper basin of the San Juan de Micay River, one of the most economically important rivers of this region.</p><br>
<p>This part of the Western Ranges is located south and west of Munchique, a national natural park of equal importance with regards to its high biodiversity.</p><br>
<p>The Serranía de San Lucas is a forested massif in the Bolívar Department of northern Colombia that reaches heights of 2,600m above sea level. It is part of the Magdalena-Urabá moist forests ecoregion, with a rainforest ecology that includes large monkey and bird populations.</p><br>
<p>It is a forest reserve that has been recommended for protection, but has been opened to mining by the Colombian government, as the mountains have large deposits of gold, emeralds, nickel and mercury. AngloGold Ashanti has been exploring in the area since 2004, causing tensions with local small-scale miners.</p><br>
<p>The ELN guerrilla group enforced forest protection in the area in the early 2000s, apparently to protect local hydrology. The area is still subject to fighting between drug cartels, FARC, ELN, the Black Eagles and the Colombian army.</p><br>
<p>Spence&#39;s Point is a historic estate on the Potomac River near Westmoreland, Virginia. Also known as theJohn R. Dos Passos Farm, it was the home of writer John Dos Passos  for the last 25 years of his life. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Spence&#39;s Point is located in rural southeastern Westmoreland County, on the north side of VA 749. Set on the south bank of the Potomac River down a long drive from the highway is the main house of the 1,800 acre estate. It is a modest 2-1/2 story brick building with a gabled roof and single end chimney. It is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the rightmost bay. The basic architecture is a simple interpretation of the Federal style. To the rear is a two-story addition, added in the 1940s by Dos Passos, with a two-story veranda overlooking the river. Further south, also overlooking the river in the village of Sandy Neck, is the site of the childhood home of Dos Passos; the house he grew up in has been demolished and replaced, but some of the outbuildings remain in place.</p><br>
<p>The land at Spence&#39;s Point was a large parcel that the father of John Dos Passos purchased in 1885, and the Sandy Neck house is where Dos Passos spent his childhood. In 1942, after he achieved prominence as one of the most influential writers of his generation, Dos Passos purchased a portion of the original property and restored the brick farmhouse that stood there which was originally built around 1806. It was then to remain his home until his death in 1970. Although he had written some of his most important works prior to the acquisition of this property, many of his later works were written here. At the time of its designation as a landmark in 1971, it was occupied by his widow.</p><br>
<p>The Bemis Mill is a historic former industrial building at 1-3 Bridge Street, in the village of Nonantum, in Newton, Massachusetts. It is now a general office building called the Meredith Building. The building is significant historically as a surviving early industrial building in the city, and for the remnants of unique power distribution and water control facilities that survive. On September 4, 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bemis Mill is located on the west side of Bridge Street, abutting the Charles River to the north. It is a three-story building, built out of handmade bricks laid in common bond. The building is roughly L-shaped, with the base of the L facing the river. The portion extending away from the river is an addition to the original building which was built sometime before 1875. The river-facing facade has a foundation of large granite blocks, with two arched openings providing access for the water that originally powered the mill. The millrace is no longer extant, and only fragments of the dam remain.</p><br>
<p>The site of the Bemis Mill has an industrial history dating to the 18th century. A dam was built across the river no later than 1778, with David Bemis building a paper mill on this site the following year, likely on the site of an even older mill. Bemis also built mills across the river in Watertown, that eventually became a successful textile factory. The paper mill failed in 1821, and was converted to textile manufacturing. In 1822, the proprietors of the Boston Manufacturing Company, located up the river in Waltham, offered the Bemises $1,000 per inch to lower their dam, whose impoundment was backed up the river to theirs. At this time, a poorly-understood "rolling dam" technology was added to regulate flow over the dam, and a new building may have been built. Elements of this system, which is only known to have been introduced in a few places, are still in place in the building&#39;s basement. (It is also possible the term refers to a reverse curve on the spillway.)</p><br>
<p>The Bemises used the mill until the 1840s as a dye-production facility. William Freeman purchased this mill in 1847, and those across the river in Watertown were bought by his son; both became principals in the Aetna Manufacturing Company, which continued to produce dyes here until 1870. At that time, the facility was converted to one that provided power to the mills across the river, transmitted by means of a belt that passed through a slot in the river-facing facade and crossed the river. Textile operations wound down about 1920, after which this building was used for a time in the manufacture of automobile fabrics before its conversion to office space.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Park Historic District is a historic district in the village of Newtonville, in Newton, Massachusetts. It includes the following properties, dating to between 1870 and 1900: 4 to 97 Washington Park plus 5 and 15 Park Place. The focal point of the district is the city park which is located in the median of the street of the same name. On March 12, 2008, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of Newtonville is located in central Newton, with a business district that straddles the Massachusetts Turnpike at Walnut Street. South of the highway and east of Walnut is a residential area that was laid out in 1865 and developed between 1870 and 1900. It was developed by Dustin Lancey, a Newtonville real estate developer, and was organized in a similar manner to other Newton subdivisions of the period that featured a "pocket park". In this case, Washington Park is an arborway, with a wide strip of parkland dividing the travel lanes. The houses that Lancey built fronting the park were primarily marketed at middle-class workers who commuted into Boston on the railroad.</p><br>
<p>The houses built in the district reflect the architectural styles popular in the last three decades of the 20th century. There are six Second Empire houses, typified by their mansard roofs, that were all built before 1870. The Soden House at 5 Park Place is one of the finest examples of Queen Anne architecture in the district; it was built in 1890, and has the characteristic asymmetrical massing of the style, including a tower with a bellcast roof. The only Stick style house is the Leavitt House at 91 Washington Park; built in 1870, it has the applied exterior decorative woodwork of that style. The most recently built house in the district is the Goodridge House at 27-29 Washington Park, a Colonial/Craftsman duplex built in 1914.</p><br>
<p>The McDonalds Sign, also known as McDonalds Store #433 Sign, in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, United States, is the only known surviving example of a single-arch McDonalds sign in Arkansas. The sign was erected in 1962 and remained at its original location until 2007. That year, McDonalds Store #433 moved and the sign was renovated and moved to the new location. The McDonald&#39;s sign was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before McDonalds Store #433 was built on South Main Street in Pine Bluff, the neighborhood was mostly residential. The area began to change as the mid-20th century approached and commercial enterprises began to appear in the area. The McDonalds was constructed at 1300 South Main Street in 1962 and followed the standard corporate design for the era: a red, white and yellow motif with arches projecting through the roof (owned by Mike Retzer).</p><br>
<p>McDonalds Store #433 opened on July 3, 1962, and remained in operation until it was announced in August 2007 that the store would close by the end of the year. A new location was constructed in the 2800 block of South Olive Street, about two miles from the original location. Initially, it was unknown what the signs fate would be; by September, it was announced that the sign would move to the new location.</p><br>
<p>As the date of closure approached in September the sign was dismantled and transported to Skylite Sign & Neon in Mabelvale, Arkansas, for renovation work which lasted through October 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The McDonald&#39;s sign in Pine Bluff represents a transition between the "Speedee" sign and the now-ubiquitous double golden arches. The design featured in Pine Bluff was used for one year and was relatively rare even when it was being used, even more so today.</p><br>
<p>Typical of the single-arch style from McDonald&#39;s early years, the Pine Bluff sign has plastic panels held in a metal frame and red advertising space midway up the sign. The sign was manufactured by Sign Crafters of Evansville, Indiana and the plastic sheeting was made by Rohm & Haas Company of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Ray Kroc designed the sign after seeing an image of the McDonald family crest. The arch itself evokes modernism. In Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants Phillip Langdon stated the arch was symbolic of a "buoyant spirit: a feeling of skyward momentum, symbolic of an aerospace age in which man could hurtle himself into the heavens." Langdon goes on to state that the purpose of the McDonald&#39;s arch was to bring a sense of structural modernism in a roadside hamburger stand.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The USA National Register of Historic Places added the Pine Bluff McDonalds sign to its listings on August 21, 2006, as McDonalds Store #433 Sign. McDonalds has used a variety of designs for its signs; consequently, early examples are exceedingly rare. The sign in Pine Bluff, Arkansas only known surviving example of an early single arch McDonald&#39;s sign, is also a good example of a rare early backlit plastic sign. Backlit plastic signs were popularized post-World War II and revolutionized the sign industry through the 1950s and 60s.</p><br>
<p>It remains unclear exactly how many single-arch McDonald&#39;s signs remain nationwide. Before Hurricane Katrina in 2005, one was still in use in Biloxi, Mississippi. The store on MacArthur Boulevard in Springfield, Illinois, also had a single arch up until 2006. Others exist in Magnolia, New Jersey, Green Bay, Wisconsin, St Clair Shores, Michigan; Warren, Michigan; Montrose, Colorado; Independence, Missouri; Winter Haven, Florida; Belleville, Illinois; and Muncie, Indiana. A sign is also on display in The Henry Ford museum in Dearborn, Michigan. The sign in Pine Bluff is the only such sign that has its own listing on the National Register, though a few others may exist as contributing properties within historic districts. It is likely that most single-arch signs were incorporated into private collections.</p><br>
<p>Half Moon Bay , is located near Khobar city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.</p><br>
<p>Half Moon Bay has been a place of recreation for many people, including oil workers and their families, for the last 80 years. Known for its great grouper fishing and sailing, many generations have enjoyed it. With an average depth of around 22 feet (with a few spots dropping to 50 feet) Half Moon Bay has been an excellent classroom for thousands of divers learning the sport of scuba diving. It is a very forgiving bay, with shallow entrances and very few large sharks. However, around 1968 a 30-foot whale wandered in to the enjoyment of many of the locals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s Half Moon Bay was known locally as Doha Dhalum. It was a stop for many of the Arab traders from the Persian Gulf area sailing their traditional dhows. It was a stop to get out of bad weather and load up on fresh water from any number of artesian wells which dot the bottom of the bay. Traders would also pull into the cove on the middle of the western shore which is now a housing development and load up with salt from a local mine. This salt would either be sold in Africa or traded for skins, or taken to India depending on the prevailing winds. This cove used to be called Quincy&#39;s Cove after a local oil family that used to frequent the cove in the 50&#39;s.</p><br>
<h2>Private Beaches</h2><br>
<p>*Saudi Aramco Beach</p><br>
<p>Only Saudi Aramco Staff with grade 11+ are allowed to use the Saudi Aramco beach. The beach is distinguished by palm trees, picnic tables, lights and electric sources, barbecue grills, a yacht club and showers with comfortably-cooled water.</p><br>
<p>*King Faisal University Beach.</p><br>
<p>*King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Beach.</p><br>
<p>*King Fahad Military City Beach.</p><br>
<h2>Resorts and Amusements parks</h2><br>
<p>* Prince Mohammad Amusement Park</p><br>
<p>* King Fahad Coastal City</p><br>
<p>* Palm Beach Resort</p><br>
<p>* Half Moon Village</p><br>
<p>* Alkhaleej Makarim Village</p><br>
<p>The Reynolds Homestead, also known as Rock Spring Plantation, is a historic plantation on Homestead Lane in Critz, Virginia. First developed in 1814 by Abraham Reynolds, it was the primary home of R. J. Reynolds , founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and the first major marketer of the cigarette. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977. The homestead is currently an outreach facility of Virginia Tech, serving as a regional cultural center. The house is open for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Reynolds Homestead is located in a rural area of eastern Patrick County, Virginia, about one mile north of the village of Critz. The estate house is a two story brick building with a hip roof, from which an older two-story ell extends. Outbuildings of the plantation complex include a large corn crib, a brick kitchen, milkhouse, and icehouse. The Reynolds family cemetery is located near the house and across a field is the slave cemetery. The house has been restored to its nineteenth century state and includes many of the original family furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The property was first developed by Abraham Reynolds, who built a log cabin near where the main house stands. His son, Hardin W. Reynolds, developed the estate in the mid-19th century, and it here that his son, R. J. Reynolds was born and lived for the first 24 years of his life. Reynolds achieved early economic success selling plug tobacco, but made an instant success out of the introduction of the Camel cigarette brand, which he marketed and advertised widely.</p><br>
<p>Reynolds moved out of the family homestead in 1874. It remained within the family, but in declining condition, into the mid-20th century. In 1968, Mrs. Nancy Susan Reynolds, R.J.&#39;s only surviving child, purchased over 700 acre of the original plantation, most of which she gave to Virginia Tech, retaining life interest in the homestead, which was carefully restored. The property is now managed by Virginia Tech, and includes a continuing education center managed by its Department of Outreach and International Affairs. It hosts educational and cultural events, and the house is open for tours for both individuals and groups.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon House, also known as Mays Folly, is a historic octagon house at 527 1st Avenue in Columbus, Georgia. Built about 1830 and enlarged in 1863, it is claimed by the local historical society to be the nations only known example of a double-octagon house. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>May&#39;s Folly is located in central Columbus, on the west side of 1st Avenue between 5th and 6th Streets. It is a single-story wood frame structure, consisting of a front octagonal section and a rear rectangular one. The front section is topped by an octagonal roof with a cupola at the center, and the walls are sheathed in clapboards. The front entrance is sheltered by an elaborate Gothic Revival portico. The interior of this section has the basic form of a Greek cross built around a central chimney, with the angled sections filled with triangular closets and vestibules. The rear of the house, which is its older section, is rectangular, but architectural investigation of the structure has uncovered evidence that it was also at one time octagonal in shape, and was probably made rectangular at the time the front section was built.</p><br>
<p>The older rear portion of the house was built about 1830, and was until 1852 home to Alfred Iverson, Sr., a United States Senator. In 1863 the house was purchased by Leander May, a cabinetmaker who is credited with construction of the main octagonal structure. May sold the house in 1865, and it passed through a succession of hands before becoming in 1967 the first real estate acquisition of Historic Columbus, a local historic preservation organization. It is now in private hands.</p><br>
<p>Uronarti was an ancient Egyptian fortress that was located on an island on the Nile River. It was located near the Second Cataract, specifically to the south of it. It stands out from the other fortresses because of its triangular-shaped geography. It is believed to be constructed during the Middle Kingdom  between the rulers Senusret I and Senusret III. Uronarti along with the other fortresses were established in Nubia during a time where the Egyptian influence was sought out to be expanded. And that is why Uronarti along with Buhen, Mirgissa, Shalfak, Askut, Dabenarti, Semna, and Kumma were established within signaling distance of each other.</p><br>
<h2>The fortress</h2><br>
<p>There’s substantial lack of information of Uronarti and the fortresses. The triangular shaped fortress is situated on an island and took advantage of the narrow passage of the Nile River. Uronarti in size happens to be the second smallest fortress only being bigger than Askut. The fort had 5 meters thick and 10 meters high walls. It had a length and width of about 120 meters x 60 meters and was made of mud-brick. The fort in its time included loopholes, battlements, ramparts, buttresses, and bastions. There’s speculation in literature that Uronarti along with the other fortresses were strikingly impressive because they exceeded the requirements of the military and may have been considered a form of monumental architecture lime the Giza Pyramids. Also, near the site were located temples of Dedwen and Montu that were dedicated to them. In 1964, the Aswan Dam created Lake Nasser although the site was not submerged.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation History</h2><br>
<p>Uronarti was first excavated by British Archaeologist Noel F. Wheeler under the nominal supervision of George Andrew Reisner. The preliminary examination of the site was in May 1924. The excavations took place between November 15, 1928 – January 16, 1929 and February 5, 1930 – March 20, 1930. Reisner became one of the most prominent founding fathers of modern scientific archaeology.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, The Uronarti Regional Archaeology Project (URAP) was formed by Laurel Bestock and Christian Knoblauch to investigate an outpost of Uronarti. They focused on colonization events rather than broader colonial relations. During their time there they discovered Site FC, contemporary with the fortress itself.</p><br>
<h2>Finds at Uronarti</h2><br>
<p>Finds at Uronarti include: seal impressions, mud stamps, pottery, and papyrus fragments. Most fragments only include a few characters; only a handful contains few badly broken lines. There are also a series of plates, 20 to be exact, that came from investigating of hieratic facsimiles which illustrate all the important finds. The mud stamps are unusual because they depict captives. And the overwhelming lot of papyrus found has brought no usable information. The large number of sealings reflect administrative aspects connected with the other Nubian fortresses. The seals referring to the various surrounding fortresses in the Second Cataract region show the close connection between each other. Centers for local administration are also seen in the treasuries and granaries that are shown to exist in the seals as well. The administration for the entire country is represented as well as seen in the seals of the great granary of King Sesostris III. The suggested existence of a dual and shared viziership in Egypt in the Late Middle Kingdom is also seen in a seal found stating “office of the vizier of the Head-of-the South”.</p><br>
<h2>The Boundary Stela of Senusret III</h2><br>
<p>A duplicate of the text of the Semna stela of Senusret III was found at Uronarti by Georg Steindorff, Ludwig Borchardt and H. Shafer. The inscription shows that the Nubians attacked first and that Senusret forced them to retreat. The stela measures 1.50 meters in height and 0.80 meters in breadth and is of brown sandstone and it has some variants from the original Semna stela. The stela is one of the treasures of the National Museum of Sudan and it reads:</p><br>
<p>“Horus: Divine of Forms; the Two Ladies: Divine of Birth; the Golden Horus: He has Come into Being(?); The King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Re is Appearing of Ka’s granted life, stability and wealth like Re eternally; The Son of Re of his (own) Body: Sesostris (III), granted life, stability, and wealth like Re eternally!</p><br>
<p>(1) Stela made in year 16, third month of winter, when the fortress “Repelling the Iwentiu” was built.</p><br>
<p>(2) I have made the boundary going farther southward than my ancestors and I have exceeded</p><br>
<p>(3) that which was bequeathed to me. I am a king who speaks, (and by it) executes; what my heart plans is done by my hand</p><br>
<p>(4) aggressive to conquer; acting resolute with success; in whose heart the world does not sleep,</p><br>
<p>(5) (but) one thinking of his clients who trust on mildness; not being mild against the enemy who attacks him; attacking</p><br>
<p>(6) when he is attacked; keeping silence if one is silent (against him); answering a word according to that what has happened in it (i.e., who gives an answer according to the nature of the question). For</p><br>
<p>(7) to desist after being attacked boldness the heart of the enemy. To be aggressive is to be brave, to retreat is timidity.</p><br>
<p>(8) Really unvirille is he who is debarred from his frontier, since the Nubian hears</p><br>
<p>(9) to fall at a word (i.e., the Nubian hardly hears or he falls at the word.); the answering of him causes him to retire. If one is aggressive against him, he turns his back; if one retreats, he falls</p><br>
<p>(10) into aggression. They are not people one must fear; they are wretches, broken of heart. My Majesty has seen them,</p><br>
<p>(11) there is no untruth. (For) I have captured their wives, and I have brought back their inhabitants, ascended to their wells</p><br>
<p>(12) and slain their bulls. I have pulled up their barley and set the flame in it. As my father lives for me</p><br>
<p>(13)I speak in truth, without a word of boasting therein issuing from my mouth. Now as for every son of mine</p><br>
<p>(14) who shall strengthen this boundary which My Majesty (life, prosperity and health); has made, he is my son,</p><br>
<p>(15) My Majesty (life, prosperity and health); good is a son, the helper of his father, and who strengthens</p><br>
<p>(16) him that begot him. Now as for him who shall lose it and shall not fight ,</p><br>
<p>(17) he is not my son and he is not born to me. Now</p><br>
<p>(18) the erection of a statue of My Majesty (life, prosperity and health) on this frontier</p><br>
<p>(19) in order that you may persevere on it and in order that.”</p><br>
<h2>Uronarti History</h2><br>
<p>There is a significant lack of information on the Uronarti fortresses. Some scholars believe that trade diminished between the Egyptians and Nubians after the Old Kingdom. And during the First Intermediate Period there was no central government in Egypt. And when Egypt was reunited, Senusret I began to exploit Lower Nubia for its resources. Exploitation continued with his successors and when Senusret III came along he took control of Lower Nubia all the way down to the Second Cataract; the southern-most front being at Semna. The First Boundary Semna Stela of Senusret III says, “Southern boundary made in the eight year (of the reign of Senusret III) to prevent any Nubian from passing it downstream, either overland or by boat, or any herds of the Nubians, apart from those Nubians who come to trade with Iken or on any good business which may be transacted with them." The construction of the fortresses were started under Senusret I, but most of them completed during Senusret III. They were all big enough to suffice the necessary housing of personnel.</p><br>
<h2>Military significance of the fortress</h2><br>
<p>Given the size of Uronarti and also the other fortresses they would have been easy to defend. The fortresses were clearly too large and strong for any attack from around the area and it is also seen as being very difficult to survive in the area keeping into consideration that there was not that many resources for the amount of personnel that each fortress could house. This suggests that the fortresses must have had another purpose. Many believe that they were built to contain the threat of rising powers in Lower Nubia and to serve as monument of the power of the Egyptians. Reisner himself even thinks that the palace on the island of Uronarti was possibly used by the Viceroy of Kush in the 18th Dynasty or even by a king from the Middle Kingdom (most likely Sesostris III).</p><br>
<h2>Site FC</h2><br>
<p>Site FC, an extramural site just outside the walls of Uronarti is different from the Egyptian fortress itself. The difference noted from Uronarti was in the techniques of the construction that seem to originate from different architectural tradition and the organization of the entirety of the space in Site FC. During a survey of the Eastern side of Uronarti is when Site FC was discovered. It is about 250 meters away from the fortress. Piles of tumbled stones were recorded to be found in the initial survey of this area. The 25 stones range from 2.5 meters to 4 meters in diameter. Some of the piles of stone were found together in clusters and others were completely isolated by themselves, all together extending over an area of 2000 meters^2. Stone found locally was used in the construction of dwellings in the site. Aerial photographs taken in the 1950s suggest that the original site may have extended along the eastern shore of the island in its entirety. The site lacks a wall. This indicates that Site FC was a settlement on its own. The inhabitants probably lived an entire different lifestyle from those living in the mud-brick walls of the fortress. Site FC brings more questions than answers but what makes this area important is that it demonstrates the complexity of the colonial Egyptians and the local landscape at Uronarti.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Appleby House Museum is a historic house museum at 220 Stillwater Road in Smithfield, Rhode Island. It is now home to the Smithfield Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Elisha Smith, a grandson of one of Rhode Island&#39;s co-founders, John Smith, "The Miller," built the original part of this house, a small stone-ender, in 1696. The house was enlarged to a saltbox configuration c. 1713, adding chambers to the side and rear of the central chimney. Around 1750 the roof was raised on the rear section, giving the house the full 2-1/2 story height it has today. Between then and 1830 the house underwent a number of further alterations and enlargements, including the c. 1800 attachment of a second house (hauled from Johnston) that nearly doubled its living space. The relocation of Stillwater Road in the 19th century as a consequence of the creation of Georgiaville Pond also resulted in a reconfiguration of the house, functionally reversing the front and rear.</p><br>
<p>The original farm grounds contained mills and a blacksmith shop on 700 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Appleby House Museum is open for tours during scheduled events, or tours may be arranged on request.</p><br>
<p>Barrow Strait is a shipping waterway in Northern Canada&#39;s territory of Nunavut. Forming part of the Parry Channel, the strait separates several large islands including Cornwallis Island and Devon Island to the north, from Prince of Wales Island, Somerset Island, and Prince Leopold Island to the south.</p><br>
<p>The first 30 mi of its eastern section has no islands, commonly does not freeze until the end of November, nor consolidate until the end of December. Garrett Island, Lowther Island, Young Island, Hamilton Island, and Russell Island lay south of Bathurst Island. Browne Island, Somerville Island, and Griffith Island lay southwest of Cornwallis Island. Beechy Island lays off of Devon Island.</p><br>
<p>From its eastern junction with Lancaster Sound to its western junction with Viscount Melville Sound, the strait measures 170 mi long. Its eastern mouth, between Prince Leopold Island, and Cape Hurd on Devon Island, is 28 mi wide. Its western mouth, at Cape Cockburn, southwestern Bathurst Island, is 66 mi wide.</p><br>
<p>Habitat for Arctic fox, birds, polar bear, ringed seal, and whales is located along the ice edge, near Leopold Island, while consolidated ice in the strait&#39;s central and western sections provides a bridge for caribou crossing.</p><br>
<p>A strategic waterway from deepwater vessels navigating Arctic waters, the Strait was surveyed in detail by the Soviet Navy during the Cold War.</p><br>
<p>The Witenwasserenstock  is a peak between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri, located in the Lepontine Alps. Close to the summit lies the tripoint border between the cantons of Valais, Uri and Ticino and the triple watershed of the Rhine, Po and Rhône basins.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The Witenwasserenstock lies between the valleys of Geretal (west) and Witenwasseren (north-east). At the foot of the mountain are located the Geren and Witenwasseren Glaciers. The tripoint between the cantons of Valais, Uri and Ticino (3,025 m) is located 300 m east from the summit. It acts as a notable watershed. On the west the Gerenwasser ends in the young Rhone, on the east the Witenwasserenreuss ends in the Reuss, a tributary of the Rhine and, on the east, the Ri di Bedretto ends in the Ticino (in the Leventina), a tributary of the Po.</p><br>
<p>The Rhine enters the North Sea 670 km north.</p><br>
<p>The Po enters the Adriatic Sea 360 km south-east.</p><br>
<p>The Rhone enters the Mediterranean Sea 460 km south-west</p><br>
<p>Saylers Creek Battlefield near Farmville, Virginia was the site of the Battle of Saylers Creek of the American Civil War. Robert E. Lees army was retreating from the Richmond to Petersburg line. Here, on April 6, 1865, Union General Philip Sheridan cut off and beat back about a quarter of Lees army. Eight Confederate generals surrendered, and 7,700 men were lost. Confederate Major General George Washington Custis Lee, eldest son of Robert E. Lee, was forcibly captured on the battlefield by Private David Dunnels White of the 37th Massachusetts Regiment. This was the last major engagement of the war in Virginia; Lees surrender at Appomattox occurred three days later. A portion of the landmarked battlefield area is included in Sailors Creek Battlefield Historical State Park.</p><br>
<p>The battle was composed of three separate engagements, which may be termed the Battle of Hillsmans Farm, the Battle of Marshalls Cross Roads (or Battle of Harpers Farm), and the Battle of Locketts Farm (or Battle of Double Bridges).</p><br>
<p>Areas in the NHL site include four portions of 800 acre, 215 acre, 5 acre, and 0.6 acre. These are indicated on topographical maps included in the Virginia DHR provided version of the NRHP documents. Only 321 acre are covered by the current state park.</p><br>
<p>It is located on Virginia Routes 617, 618, and 619 in Farmville and Burkeville, in Amelia and Prince Edward counties in Virginia. From 1865 to the area&#39;s nomination for the National Register in 1984, the area saw little development, and remained much as it was during the battles. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Costumed interpreters station the park throughout the year. Living history performers are active in the park during the anniversary of the battle every April.</p><br>
<p>The land was originally named in the 18th century for a farmer named Saylor. During the Civil War, the name was changed to Sayler. Some official records called it Sailor, which is what the Commonwealth of Virginia uses in its name for the related park.</p><br>
<p>The Old Colony House, also known as Old State House or Newport Colony House, is located at the east end of Washington Square in the city of Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It is a brick Georgian-style building completed in 1741, and was the meeting place for the colonial legislature. From independence to the early 20th century the state legislature alternated its sessions between here and the Rhode Island State House in Providence.</p><br>
<p>It has not been altered much since its construction. As one of the best-kept surviving Georgian public buildings in the United States from the colonial era, it was designated a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1960. It is also a contributing property to the Newport Historic District, later designated an NHL itself. It is still owned by the state, but managed as a museum by the Newport Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>Besides its political and architectural importance, the building was the site of many important Revolutionary events in Rhode Island. George Washington and Dwight Eisenhower have both been guests at the building. It has been used as a barracks, hospital, courthouse and a location for a Steven Spielberg film.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The two-and-a-half-story seven-bay front facade looks down the square to the similar Brick Market (now the Museum of Newport History), another NHL. The entryway is matched by a door and balcony immediately above it, capped by a trapezoidal gable with two round windows and a clock flanked by a pair of dormer windows on either side. Atop the roof is an octagonal cupola. It sits atop a raised basement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Previous to the construction of the Colony House, the site had been home to a small wooden courthouse built in 1687. The new building was among several projects undertaken as an attempt to apply formal planning to the development of Newport, which had previously lacked it. By putting the home of the colonial assembly at the top of the Parade (as Washington Square was then known), the town&#39;s leadership hoped to create a public space similar to that found in the English cities they or their parents had emigrated from.</p><br>
<p>Architect Richard Mundays design, one of his last, emulates Christopher Wrens buildings on the exterior but incorporates an interior layout similar to that of English town or guild halls. The first floor was thus an open space that could be used as a market, with civic offices upstairs.</p><br>
<h3>Revolution</h3><br>
<p>Many of the events leading up to and surrounding the Revolution in Rhode Island centered on the Colony House. In 1761 news of the death of King George II and his succession by his grandson George III was announced from the balcony. Three years later, the inaugural board meeting of the Corporation of the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island, which became Brown University, took place in the building. In 1765, Newport&#39;s citizens gathered around to celebrate the repeal of the Stamp Act, which led to riots that damaged the houses of three prominent supporters of the Act, including the nearby Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House, an NHL which is today the oldest house in the city.</p><br>
<p>Tensions between the colonies and Britain continued to grow, leading to the Gaspée Affair of 1772, in which a ship of the Royal Navy was burned off present-day Warwick by colonists resisting the enforcement of the Navigation Acts. The Royal Commission of Inquiry into the incident was convened at Colony House the following year. Although it could have sent any suspects to London to face trial before an Admiralty court, a provision which greatly concerned most colonists, it found insufficient evidence to prosecute anyone.</p><br>
<p>The incident further galvanized colonial opposition to British rule. The colonys General Assembly began preparing for war, and ordered that weapons be stored in Colony House in 1774. Two years later, the Declaration of Independence was read from the front steps. The British occupied Newport, then the colonial capital, later that year. During that time the building was used as a barracks. When the French joined the war later and drove the British out of the city, they used the building as a hospital. It is widely believed that a French Army chaplain celebrated Rhode Islands first Roman Catholic Mass at Colony House during this period, but no evidence has been found of this. After the surrender at Yorktown, in 1782, Rochambeau held a banquet in the building&#39;s first-floor Great Hall to honor George Washington. A portrait of Washington, painted by Rhode Island native Gilbert Stuart, hangs in the first floor. In 1786 Trevett v. Weeden one of the earliest cases of judicial review was decided in the building by the Rhode Island Supreme Court.Power of Federal Judiciary Over Legislation</p><br>
<p>by John Hampden Dougherty (Putnam, 1912) pg. 28-32 James Mitchell Varnum successfully represented the defendant in the cause.</p><br>
<h3>1842 Constitutional convention</h3><br>
<p>In September of 1842, delegates met at Colony House to draft a new constitution to replace the 1663 Royal Charter. The convention, held as a response to the Dorr Rebellion, debated questions of expansion of citizenship and suffrage. Prior to 1842, the vote was held only by a small minority of rural elite landowners.</p><br>
<p>By November 1842, a new Constitution was put before the voters of the state. The new Constitution, which passed 7024 to 51,</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The occupation of Newport had forced the colonists to establish their capital at Providence, and it remained there after independence. But the state legislature continued to meet in Newport every other year, and one day each May known as Lection Day. After the ceremonial meeting, results of the states April elections would be announced, and the winners inaugurated on the spot. It was Newport&#39;s most important holiday for many years.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, with Rhode Islands current capitol building mostly complete, the legislature ended its tradition of alternating sessions between the states two largest cities. It subsequently became the Newport County courthouse.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>It continued to serve as the courthouse until 1926. Afterwards, it and the other two future NHLs nearby were the first three historic nearby buildings renovated by Norman Isham at the behest of the Newport Historical Society. That work was completed in 1932.</p><br>
<p>In 1957, the building received its first sitting American president, Dwight D. Eisenhower. In a short speech from the steps, he began a two-day visit to the city and its historic sites by praising the city&#39;s hospitality and expressing regret that his wife, who had accompanied him from Washington, could not join him at the building. "It is her great ambition to visit so many of these places," he said, "particularly those where the heroes of the Revolutionary times spent so much of their time."</p><br>
<p>His administration its last year designated the building one of the first National Historic Landmarks in 1960. Six years after that, it was duly listed on the inaugural National Register of Historic Places. Newports well-preserved historic character drew Steven Spielberg to the city in 1997, where it stood in for mid-19th century New Haven, Connecticut, during principal photography for Amistad. Colony Houses exterior can be seen in the background in a few scenes, and the courtroom scenes were filmed inside. Rhode Island Senate majority leader M. Teresa Paiva-Weed, who represents the area, got the Senate to pass a resolution calling for the legislature to again meet in Newport on the centenary of their last meeting there in 1900.</p><br>
<p>The Newport Historical Society manages the building for the state, which still owns it. It is open as a museum for tours during the summer months. It is also available for event rentals.</p><br>
<p>Praia Grande  is a beach situated in the civil parish of Ferragudo, municipality of Lagoa, the Portuguese Algarve.</p><br>
<p>One of many beaches to obtain the name Praia Grande, this coastal zone is located on the eastern back of Rio Arade estuary, south of the town of Ferragudo. It is just inside the mole that shields the river entrance and the port area of Portimão, and runs north to the Forte de Sao João do Arade. The crescent-shaped 627 m-long beach extends from the accessway, at the end of Rua Doutor Coelho de Carvalho southeast to the cliffs, with a smaller beach extending 163 m north to the summit of the fort, separated by boulders.</p><br>
<p>Like other beaches in the western Algarve, it is bordered by cliffs from the Miocene epoch, that are rich in marine fossils.</p><br>
<p>With median temperatures between 20 -, its protected location within the mole permits swimming/wading, windsurfing, bodyboard and sailing.</p><br>
<p>The municipal authority services the beach with outdoor parking, security/surveillance, changing areas and showers, while commercial services include bar/restaurants, sunshade rentals and small craft hire.</p><br>
<p>Lake Tuscaloosa is a reservoir in west-central Alabama, created by damming North River. It was constructed to provide water for Tuscaloosa residents and for industrial use as well. It was completed in 1970 at a cost of about $7,725,000. Since it is located just north of Tuscaloosa and Northport, the lake is also very popular for recreational activities.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Tuscaloosa was constructed in response to the rising population of Tuscaloosa, which began to consume more water than its two current reservoirs, Harris Lake and Lake Nicol, could provide. A dam was constructed on North River, flooding the area that would become Lake Tuscaloosa. In relation to the other two lakes, Lake Tuscaloosa became the most bountiful of the three, pushing Harris Lake to only handle industrial water and Lake Nicol for use as a backup. Currently, Lake Tuscaloosa&#39;s water is treated for human consumption as well as providing some industrial raw water.</p><br>
<p>The Hekla 3 eruption  circa 1000 BC is considered the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene. It threw about 7.3 km of volcanic rock into the atmosphere, placing its Volcanic Explosivity Index  at 5. This would have cooled temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for several years afterwards.</p><br>
<p>An eighteen-year span of global cooling that is recorded in Irish bog oaks has been attributed to H-3. The eruption is detectable in Greenland ice-cores, the bristlecone pine sequence, and the Irish oak sequence of extremely narrow growth rings. Andy Baker&#39;s team of researchers dated it to 1021 BC ±130–100.</p><br>
<p>A "high chronology" (earlier) interpretation of the above results is preferred by Baker, based also on growth of stalagmites. In Sutherland, northwest Scotland, a spurt of four years of doubled annual luminescent growth banding of calcite in a stalagmite is datable to 1135 BC ±130.</p><br>
<p>A rival, "low-chronology" interpretation of the eruption has been made by Andrew Dugmore: 2879 BP (929 BC ±34). In 1999, Dugmore suggested a non-volcanic explanation for the Scottish results. In 2000 skepticism concerning conclusions about connecting Hekla 3 and Hekla 4 (probably 2310 BC ±20) with paleoenvironmental events and archaeologically attested abandonment of settlement sites in northern Scotland was expressed by John P. Grattan and David D. Gilbertson. Some Egyptologists have firmly dated the eruption to 1159 BC, and blamed it for famines under Ramesses III during the wider Bronze Age collapse. Dugmore has rebutted this dating. Other scholars have held off on this dispute, preferring the neutral and vague "3000 BP".</p><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Hotel is a historic 10-story hotel in downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA. Built in 1909, it was considered one of the most luxurious hotels in the United States and hosted a wide range of film stars, royalty, and other famous guests. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Hotel was constructed by cattlemen B. L. Naylor, F. M. Swearingen, and A. H. Jones. The men believed that San Antonio was destined to become an important tourist destination and that a luxury hotel would bring an influx of wealthy people coming to the city.</p><br>
<p>The St. Anthony was the first luxury hotel in the city. All the rooms had mahogany moldings and furnishings and telephones, Half of the rooms had private baths. It also featured doors which opened automatically, and electric lights that turned off when the patron locked their hotel room door. It was so technologically advanced that it was considered among the world’s most modern hotels. The hotel also featured a richly appointed bar and lounge named "Peacock Alley", added in the 1930s. The hotel&#39;s St. Anthony Club restaurant also became well known for its excellent food. In 1915, the owners doubled the capacity of the hotel to 430 rooms.</p><br>
<p>In the depths of the Great Depression, however, the hotel fell on difficult times. It began to deteriorate, and the banks foreclosed on the owners. That year, the hotel added air conditioning and a drive-up registration desk. Morrison purchased an extensive art collection to hang in the public spaces, and oriental carpets and French Empire furnishings for the public lounges.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 the hotel was bought by Inter-Continental Hotels. It was renovated and reopened in 1983 as the St. Anthony Inter-Continental San Antonio. It completed renovations and joined The Luxury Collection division of Starwood Hotels on November 19, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Famous Guests</h2><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Hotel has hosted a number of famous people. These include President Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Douglas MacArthur, Vice President John Nance Garner, and humorist Will Rogers.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the hotel hosted the Arena Football University. At this event, arena football teams meet with vendors and league officials to discuss the upcoming season.</p><br>
<h2>Famous deaths</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, died in the hotel on December 13, 1924.</p><br>
<p>Texas politician Robert L. Bobbitt lived in the St. Anthony for the last year of his life prior to his death in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In the moments leading up to his death, Major General Frederick Funston, who President Woodrow Wilson favored as leader of the American Expeditionary Force in the First World War, was relaxing in the lobby of the hotel listening to The Blue Danube Waltz. After commenting, "How beautiful it all is," he collapsed from a massive painful heart attack (myocardial infarction) and died on February 19, 1917. He was holding six-year old Inez Harriet Silverberg in his arms. Wilson was forced to choose General John Pershing as a replacement.</p><br>
<p>Guilford is a prominent and historic neighborhood located in the northern part of Baltimore, Maryland. It is bounded on the south by University Parkway, on the west by North Charles Street, Warrenton and Linkwood Roads, on the north by Cold Spring Lane and on the east by York Road. The neighborhood is adjacent to the neighborhoods of Tuscany-Canterbury, Loyola-Notre Dame, Kernewood, Wilson Park, Pen Lucy, Waverly Oakenshawe, Charles Village, and the universities of Johns Hopkins and Loyola University Maryland. The neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known resident of the area was General McDonald who fought for the Continental army during the Revolutionary War. The name Guilford was supposedly named after the Battle of Guilford Court House in North Carolina, in which McDonald was wounded. His son William McDonald inherited his estate in 1850 and built the Guilford Mansion. In 1872 the property was purchased by Baltimore Sun founder, Arunah S. Abell, and would remain in his family for 35 years. In 1907 the property was purchased by the Guilford Park Company who wanted to develop the area into a sophisticated suburban neighborhood on the edge of expanding Baltimore. In 1911 they consolidated with the Roland Park Company and together purchased 210 acres in North Baltimore. Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. was hired to do the landscape and street design. He is responsible for giving the neighborhood its distinct curving streets and terrain. The plan included three parks, “Little Park,” “Stratford Green, and “Sunken Park. In 1939 a fourth park was created called “Guilford Gateways.”</p><br>
<p>The company spared no expense on utilities, streets, drains and other infrastructure to create a modern and an attractive living destination for the Baltimore elite. The houses were designed by some of the most prominent Baltimore architects of the era, included Edward L. Palmer, Bayard Turnbull, John Russell Pope, W. D. Lamdin and Laurence Hall Fowler.</p><br>
<p>Residents of the neighborhood included artist Grace Turnbull, whose brother Bayard designed her house and studio, which still stands.</p><br>
<p>Shack Mountain is a house near Charlottesville, Virginia, that is a tribute to Thomas Jeffersons architectural style. It was designed by and for Fiske Kimball , an architectural historian who was the founder of the University of Virginia School of Architecture, and who is credited with restoring respect for Jeffersons architectural ability. The house derives its name from the Shackelford family, who owned and settled the property in the 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Intended as a retirement home for Kimball, the house is based on Jeffersons design for Farmington. The house was built in 1935-36. Like Jefferson at Monticello, Kimball found a site with a commanding view of the wooded hills around Charlottesville. Kimballs intended name for the house was Tusculum, but the name "Shack Mountain," for earlier owners of the property, remained. Kimball and his wife Marie used the house as a retreat, mainly at Christmas and for two weeks in June, until they both died in 1955. They willed the house to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where Kimball had been director. The museum sold the house to W. Bedford Moore III, a professor of engineering at the University of Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The one-story, T-shaped house features a projecting octagonal space to either side at the front. Fronting the elongated side of the octagon is a Tuscan portico with paired stucco columns. Windows are mostly triple-hung sashes. The roof is a shallow standing-seam metal hipped structure that defers to the portico. Exterior balustrades are in the Chinese Chippendale pattern. Entry is through the portico, with the front door leading into a shallow round vestibule projecting into the half-octagonal parlor to the left side with a curved door, an adaptation of Pavilion IX at the University of Virginia. A corresponding alcove leads to the cross corridor, while another door leads to the dining room which occupies the right side of the front octagonal volume. A wing to the rear contains kitchens and bedrooms, none of which are of unusual design. A basement houses utility spaces.</p><br>
<p>Shack Mountain was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 1, 1976, and was declared a National Historic Landmark on October 5, 1992 for its association with Kimball.</p><br>
<p>The house is located about 2 mi north-northwest of Charlottesville.</p><br>
<p>The Crane Island Historic District is a historic district of vacation properties on Crane Island in Lake Minnetonka, part of the city of Minnetrista, Minnesota, United States. It consists of a number of private residential summer cottages and some communal amenities. Although it was originally developed by parishoners of the Presbyterian Church, it is now a secular association that welcomes all. The island was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Lake Minnetonka had been a popular recreation area after the American Civil War, drawing vacationers from the eastern and southern United States and later from Minneapolis as it grew. Crane Island had escaped development because it had been a heron rookery. A storm in 1906 blew down most of the trees from the center of the island. The herons moved to the nearby Wawatasso Island. Charles E. Woodward had been spending his summer vacation in the nearby town of Mound, and he explored the island after the storm out of curiosity. He figured the land would be ideal for cottages, so he organized a group from Bethlehem Presbyterian Church and formed the Crane Island Association.</p><br>
<p>The association bought the island and surveyed a number of lots for development. The association established a commons area in the center of the island with a caretaker&#39;s lodge, an icehouse, and a tennis court. The commons area was modeled on the kind of commons in New England, where all neighbors would use common grazing land. Owners of the cottages could take the Great Northern Railway to the depots at Mound or Spring Park and then charter a private boat to the island. The yellow streetcar boats of Twin City Rapid Transit also made two daily stops at the island between mid-May and September.</p><br>
<p>Writer Marjorie Myers Douglas spent summers on the island from 1917, when she was five years old, until she had finished college. Her book Barefoot on Crane Island chronicles many of her personal experiences with summers she spent on the island.</p><br>
<p>Wilshire Boulevard Temple, known from 1862 to 1933 as Congregation Bnai Brith, is the oldest Jewish congregation in Los Angeles, California. Wilshire Boulevard Temples main building, its sanctuary topped by a large Byzantine revival dome and decorated with interior murals, is a City of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Moorish-style building, located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Wilshire Center district, was completed in 1929 and was designed by architect Abram M. Edelman .</p><br>
<p>Wilshire Boulevard Temple is one of the largest Jewish congregations in Los Angeles, and has been led by several influential rabbis, especially Edgar Magnin, who has been described as the "John Wayne" of rabbis and who served for 69 years from 1915 to 1984. A second campus, on the Westside, opened in 1998. Despite repeated reports that the congregation might sell its older, landmark building, the temple began extensive renovations of the historic facility in 2008, under the leadership of Wilshires Senior Rabbi, Steven Z. Leder, who has served the temples congregation since 2003. The remodeled sanctuary reopened in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>Wilshire Boulevard Temple traces its origins to the first Jewish worship service in Los Angeles, held in 1851. In 1862, a small community of Los Angeles Jews received its charter from the state to found Congregation B’nai B’rith. Worship was led by a layman, Joseph Newmark, until Abraham Wolf Edelman was hired as the first rabbi. Long overshadowed by the more prosperous San Francisco Jewish community, L.A.s Jews managed to erect the congregations first building, an impressive brick Gothic Revival style synagogue built in 1873 at the corner of Temple and Broadway in downtown Los Angeles. It was described by the Los Angeles Star as “the most superior church edifice in Southern California.”</p><br>
<p>By 1885 much of the congregation was pushing to move away from Orthodox practice, and Rabbi Edelman eventually resigned. Ephraim Schreiber was hired as rabbi in 1885 and adopted some reforms, but soon left. Abraham Blum was hired in 1889, but was forced out in 1895 and replaced by Moses G. Solomon.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, the Bnai Brith congregation moved to a larger brick Victorian synagogue at 9th and Hope. It was also designed by A.M. Edelman, and had tall flanking towers capped with large onion domes.</p><br>
<p>Sigmund Hecht became rabbi in 1899, and in 1903 the congregation joined the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the national organization of the Reform movement. Edgar Magnin was hired as an assistant rabbi in 1915, and took over as senior rabbi upon Hecht&#39;s retirement in 1919. Both Hecht and Magnin implemented the Reform practice of the time, including heavier use of the English language and organ and choir music.</p><br>
<h3>Rabbi Magnin and the move to Wilshire Boulevard</h3><br>
<p>The current Wilshire Boulevard Temple opened in 1929, built among other significant places of worship in the Wilshire Center area. The new temple was the dream of Rabbi Edgar Magnin who, over a career of seven decades, forged a Jewish identity for Los Angeles that joined pioneers and Hollywood moguls. Known as the "Rabbi to the stars", Magnin came to Bnai Brith as assistant rabbi in 1915 and from that time on he championed a new synagogue building. The involvement of the Hollywood moviemakers after World War I and Magnins promotion to senior rabbi in 1919 allowed the building to go forward. Mostly displaced New Yorkers with marginal religious interest, the Hollywood producers were attracted to Magnins image of a popular modern Judaism. Rabbi Magnin also foresaw the movement of the city, and especially its Jewish population, westward. In this, the Wilshire Boulevard Temple was both typical and prescient in anticipating the increased suburbanization of American Jewish life. Because the new synagogue was beyond the "car line," it presaged L.A.&#39;s near-total dependence on the automobile, an urban-suburban transformation that would affect most Jewish communities only after World War II.</p><br>
<p>The artistic highlights of the temple include the Biblically-themed Warner Memorial Murals, painted by Hugo Ballin and commissioned by the Warner Brothers (who founded the movie studio of the same name), Jack, Harry, and Albert. Ballin’s murals consist of 320 ft, 7 ft murals depicting key moments in Jewish history. The murals are atypical of Judaism&#39;s traditional avoidance of figurative synagogue art. In deciding to include murals in the new temple, Magnin was inspired by his recent visits to great European cathedrals; the particular role of Los Angeles as the capital of the movie industry; and archaeological discoveries of the time that suggested that ancient synagogues used figurative art.</p><br>
<p>Modeled after Romes Pantheon, the immense Byzantine revival dome stands at 100 feet in diameter with its top 135 feet from the street. Its base is flanked by 28 buttresses, or small towers, rising from the ring girder for support. Funding for the domes interior decoration was donated by MGM studio production head Irving Thalberg. The prayer inscribed in Hebrew around the Oculus, at the apex of the interior coffered dome, comes from the shma prayer, a centerpiece of all Jewish prayer services. The words read: Shma Yisroael, Adonoi Eloheinu, Adonaoi Echad; which translates to "Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One."</p><br>
<p>Designed in the Gothic tradition by the Oliver Smith Studios of Pennsylvania, the Temple&#39;s distinctive rose window on the south wall of the sanctuary, and stained glass windows on the east and west walls, have been described as being among the finest examples of this art form in the United States. During the recent renovation, the rose window was removed and repaired at the Judson Studios in Los Angeles. The Rose Window depicts a Torah Scroll and a Star of David in the center and symbols of the Twelve Tribes of Israel in the outer circle. The triple lancet windows on the east and west walls are each made up of some 5,000-6,000 pieces of glass and are the symbolic representation of the 12 tribes of Israel. Funding for the east and west lancet windows was donated by film producer and studio head Louis B. Mayer.</p><br>
<p>The Temple’s immense dome immediately became a landmark in Wilshire Center and throughout Los Angeles. Its imposing marble columns were also a form of Hollywood magic: they are hollow columns of plaster painted to mimic marble. And unlike many synagogues, the temple has no center aisle, in part because the temple builders&#39; wanted it to mimic a movie theater.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the temple was completed by the Herbert M. Baruch Corporation and cost $1.5 million in 1929 dollars. It was dedicated in a three-day celebration in June 1929 presided over by Rabbi Magnin.</p><br>
<p>The congregation adopted its present name, Wilshire Boulevard Temple, in 1933. Magnin went on to head the temple until his death in 1984, during which time he was widely considered as a spokesman on community and religious matters. The block of Wilshire Boulevard where the temple sits was named Edgar F. Magnin Square in 1980 by the City of Los Angeles. In 1984, the Temple building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Rabbi Fields and the Westside campus</h3><br>
<p>One year after Rabbi Magnin&#39;s death, Harvey Fields became senior rabbi and led the congregation for 18 years. He reinstituted some more traditional ritual practices that had not been used under Magnin. The use of music was increased and the temple hired its first trained cantor. Fields was also founding chair of the Interfaith Coalition to Heal L.A. and "Hands Across L.A.", interfaith responses to the 1992 Los Angeles riots.</p><br>
<p>In response to membership growth on the Westside of Los Angeles, the temple built a second campus at Olympic Boulevard and Barrington Avenue in West Los Angeles. It opened in 1998 as the Audrey and Sydney Irmas Campus, with a new Jewish day school and other educational and community facilities. Despite repeated reports that the temple would leave its historic building, Rabbi Fields restated the congregation&#39;s commitment to the location.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the temple has hosted many notable speakers, dignitaries and singers including the Dalai Lama, who received the Bodhi Award and addressed the American Buddhist Congress at the Wilshire Boulevard Temple in 1999.</p><br>
<h3>21st Century and renovation</h3><br>
<p>In July 2000, the J. Paul Getty Trust awarded a "Preserve L.A." grant to the temple as part of its effort to preserve the city&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Rabbi Fields retired in 2003 and was succeeded by Steven Leder. In 2004, the congregation celebrated the 75th anniversary of the historic structure on Wilshire Boulevard. As the area surrounding its historic building changed dramatically (becoming part of the rapidly expanding Koreatown district), the temple faced the decision whether to sell the property and refocus its operations on the Westside, where most of Los Angeles&#39; Jewish population had moved. Instead, because of a desire to maintain its landmark facilities and commit to its surrounding community, and also noting a trend for younger Jews to move into neighborhoods further east (such as Los Feliz and Silver Lake), the congregation decided to begin a major restoration of the sanctuary and redevelopment of the surrounding city block. The renovations began in 2008. The temple began working with architect Brenda Levin in 2005, developing an expansive master plan for what was envisioned as a campus, including a renovated synagogue, a new pre-school and elementary school, the Karsh Social Service Center, athletic and community facilities. The renovation is documented in great detail in the film, directed by Aaron Wolf who is also a member of the temple and grandson to the late Alfred Wolf.</p><br>
<p>After the end of the 2011 High Holy Days, the auditorium was closed for a renovation project that lasted two years. In 2013, philanthropist Erika Glazer pledged $30 million through 2028 for ongoing restoration and redevelopment of the synagogue, and the Wilshire Center facility is now called the Erika J. Glazer Family Campus. The sanctuary reopened in September 2013 for Rosh Hashanah services, as the temple stated its intentions to provide services for the non-Jewish, mainly Korean and Hispanic residents of the area, as well for the Jewish community. The community outreach has been recognized by local leaders, who hope it will become a model for other organizations as well.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 the temple and its rabbi, Steven Leder, became participants in the Rabbinic Vision Initiative (RVI), a group of rabbis from large Reform congregations who became vocal critics of the Reform movements central organization, the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ). In 2011, Wilshire Boulevard Temple resigned from the URJ in what was perceived as a protest of the organizations perceived ineffectiveness.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, a committee made up of congregation members, including such prominent philanthropists as Glazer, Bruce Karatz, Eli Broad and Anthony Pritzker, considered more than a dozen architectural firms and commissioned four of them to submit detailed proposals. The subsequently recommended Rem Koolhaas and his Office for Metropolitan Architecture for the project; Koolhaas had proposed a trapezoidal five-story building including office spaces and a large, vaulted ground-level banquet hall.</p><br>
<h2>Senior Rabbis and Their Terms</h2><br>
<p>Abram Wolf Edelman, 1862 &ndash; 1885</p><br>
<p>Ephraim Schreiber, 1885 &ndash; 1889</p><br>
<p>Abraham Blum, 1889 &ndash; 1895</p><br>
<p>Moses G. Solomon, 1895 &ndash; 1899</p><br>
<p>Sigmund Hecht, 1899 &ndash; 1919</p><br>
<p>Edgar F. Magnin, 1919 &ndash; 1984</p><br>
<p>Alfred Wolf, 1984 &ndash; 1985</p><br>
<p>Harvey J. Fields, 1985 &ndash; 2003</p><br>
<p>Steven Z. Leder, 2003 &ndash; present</p><br>
<p>The Capitol Center is a high-rise office building in downtown Salem, Oregon, United States. Finished in 1927, it was originally known as the First National Bank Building and owned by Salem businessman Thomas A. Livesley. The eleven story building was designed by architect Leigh L. Dougan and is the tallest office building in Salem. Located at State and Liberty streets it is part of Salem’s downtown historic district and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as the Old First National Bank Building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Livesley who had made his fortune in hops, hired Leigh L. Dougan to design a skyscraper to be built in Salem. At the time, Livesley was the vice president of the Oregon Linen Mills, with Livesley financing the project. Construction began in July 1926 by Hammond & Hammond Company. Named the First National Bank Building, it opened at the beginning of 1927. Livesley was the incorporator of the bank in 1923.</p><br>
<p>When it opened the building was controversial with some describing it as unattractive while others calling it a monument. They would sell the building for $3.1 million to the investor group Salem Gargoyle in January 1997.</p><br>
<p>In April 2003, the building was purchased by Roger Yost for $4.65 million, after he had already purchased the nearby Reed Opera House. Also known as the Capitol Tower, parts of the high-rise were remodeled by Yost, including the installation of new elevators and refurbishing the seventh floor.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Located on State Street in downtown Salem, the structure rises 151 feet (46 m) to the top of its parapet wall, and contains eleven floors. Capitol Center is 164 ft tall as measured to the top of its tallest antenna.</p><br>
<p>Constructed of a reinforced concrete frame, the exterior walls are lined with a Florentine sandstone that is light pink in color. There is a total of 49,700 ft&sup2; of usable floor space in the building.</p><br>
<p>Maurelle Island is an island in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Discovery Islands between Vancouver Island and the mainland, between the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait.</p><br>
<p>Maurelle Island is located northeast of Quadra Island, southeast of Sonora Island, and north of Read Island within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District. The island is separated from the mainland by Calm Channel, from Quadra Island by Okisollo Channel, from Read Island by Whiterock Passage, and from Sonora Island by a narrow strait called Hole in the Wall. The narrow passage between Quadra Island and Antonio Point, the southern tip of Maurelle Island, is known as Surge Narrows. Tidal currents in the narrows average 7.0 kn at maximum flow.</p><br>
<p>Surge Narrows Provincial Park is located on the southern tip of Maurelle Island.</p><br>
<p>Maurelle Island was given its name in 1903 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada, in honor of the Spanish naval officer Francisco Antonio Mourelle de la Rúa.</p><br>
<p>Kanva Reservoir is an artificial lake and tourist attraction 69 km from Bangalore, India, formed by the damming of the Kanva River in an irrigation project.</p><br>
<p>There is a fisheries training and research center near the dam, which was established to train the local residents in fish farming so that they could become economically independent.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is surrounded by wooded hills and offers good birdwatching.</p><br>
<p>The cave temple of Purushotthama Thirtha Gavi 3 km away is a pilgrimage center for Madhwa Brahmins. A statue of Hanuman has been placed inside the cave.</p><br>
<h2>Kanva Dam</h2><br>
<p>Kanva Dam was built in 1946 across the Kanva River for irrigation. It is 15 km long and covers 776 hectare.</p><br>
<p>Mount Eniwa is an active volcano located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park in Hokkaidō, Japan. It sits opposite Mount Tarumae and Mount Fuppushi on the shores of Lake Shikotsu, the caldera lake that spawned the volcanoes. Mount Eniwa is the tallest of the three volcanoes.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>The last eruption occurred around the start of the 18th century (c. 1700 ±30 years). There are no historical records of this, but tephrochronology indicates phreatic explosions with mudflows from crater 3. Two centuries before this eruption (c. 1550 ±75 years), radiocarbon dating indicates a similar eruption from crater 2. Around the same time (c. 1500 ±150 years), radiocarbon dating indicates another eruption, but from crater 1. This eruption included debris avalanches instead of mudflows. The oldest eruption that has been dated is an explosive eruption from the east side of the summit around 100 BCE ± 100 years according to radiocarbon dating. All these events were central vent eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 2.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Route</h2><br>
<p>A single trail climbs the eastern side of the mountain. It gets progressively steeper as you climb. The trail starts in a forest about one 1 km from Poropinai. The treeline is at about 800 m. From there the terrain is rocky and alpine. The climb takes 3-3.5 hours.</p><br>
<h2>1972 Winter Olympics</h2><br>
<p>At the 1972 Winter Olympics, Mount Eniwa was the site of the mens and womens downhill ski races. The course started at the summit and finished on the southwest slope. The technical events of giant slalom and slalom were held at Teine.</p><br>
<p>Waun Rydd is a mountain in the Brecon Beacons National Park, in southern Powys, Wales. Its height is 769m  and it tops a large boggy plateau rising to the east of Pen y Fan.</p><br>
<p>The hill takes the form of a plateau with sharp rims on several sides. To the northeast is Craig Pwllfa overlooking Cwm Banw whilst Craig y Fan looks east over Cwm Tarthwynni. To the south is the edge known as Cwar y Gigfran which translates into English as quarry of the crow. It marks the top of a large landslipped area extending to the stream of Blaen y Glyn below.</p><br>
<p>Several ridges extend north and east from the plateau. That known as Gist Wen runs north-northeast to the subsidiary top of Bryn (561m above sea level). The short ridges of Cefn Bach and Cefn Edmwnt run northeast whilst that of Twyn Du extends eastwards towards Talybont Reservoir. A further ridge runs southeast to the subsidiary top of Allt Lwyd (654m). To the south a broad ridge runs to a col beyond which is the top of Allt Forgan (513m).</p><br>
<p>Fan Fawr  is a mountain in the Fforest Fawr section of the Brecon Beacons National Park, in Powys, Wales and over 734 m  high.</p><br>
<p>The summit overlooks the steep eastern face and is marked by a cairn. Unusually, the trig point on this hill does not sit at the summit but 600 m to the south-west on a subsidiary spur. The hill is drained to the west by streams flowing into the Afon Dringarth and to the east by streams draining into the Taf Fawr. The Dringarth is dammed to the west to form Ystradfellte Reservoir as is the Taf Fawr east of the hill to form Beacons Reservoir. To the north-east water flows into the Afon Tarell, a tributary of the River Usk whilst to the south the headwaters of the Afon y Waun conduct water to the Afon Hepste and eventually to the River Neath.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The hill is largely formed from sandstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone which were laid down during the Devonian period. On the southern slopes of the hill, sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation occur.</p><br>
<p>In common with other hills in the Brecon Beacons National Park Fan Fawr was subject to glacial action in the ice ages. The western cwm contains a fine late-glacial moraine known as Cefn Bach. The hill is within the Fforest Fawr Geopark designated in 2005 in recognition of the area&#39;s geological heritage.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The entire hill is open country, enabling walkers to wander at will, although most choose to take a line up from the car parks beside the A470 at Storey Arms and Pont ar Daf.</p><br>
<p>Pen Cerrig-calch is a subsidiary summit of Waun Fach in the Black Mountains in the Brecon Beacons National Park in southern Powys, Wales. Its summit, at a height of 701m , is marked by a trig point. The peak sits high above the River Usk valley as it narrows above the small town of Crickhowell.The views from here are wide-ranging and extend as far as the Beacons themselves to the west. A ridge runs off to the northwest and the shoulder of Pen Gloch-y-pibwr then turns north to the secondary top of Pen Allt-mawr whose peak at 719m is also crowned by a trig point.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Like all of the hills in the Black Mountains, Pen Cerrig-calch is formed from mudstones and sandstones of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period but it is unusual in having a band of Carboniferous Limestone outcropping around the summit and giving rise to a few shakeholes. A classic example of an inlier, the name of the hill reflects this situation; it means top of the limestone rock in Welsh. The actual summit itself is formed from pebbly sandstone of the Marros Group (formerly the Millstone Grit Series), which also dates from the Carboniferous period.</p><br>
<p>The rounded southwestern shoulder of the hill ends abruptly at a cliff by the name of Darren (Welsh edge) which was formed by a sizeable landslip which most probably occurred in the early post-glacial period. There are many similar landslips in the Black Mountains, where weak strata have been eroded away, and destabilized the strata above. A large area of hummocky ground abounding with boulders of Old Red Sandstone lies across the slopes below Darren.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The most celebrated feature of the hill is the fortification of Crug Hywel, a presumed Iron Age hillfort sitting atop a tilted mass of gritstone on the hills southeastern spur and otherwise known as Table Mountain. However, there are also ancient cairns on each of the main tops. Small disused quarries once worked for the Old Red Sandstone are scattered across the hills lower slopes.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The upper parts of the hill are mapped as access land. Various footpaths approach the open access land from the Usk Valley and from the valley of the Grwyne Fechan to the east. The Beacons Way skirts the hill&#39;s southern and western slopes. The most popular route to the summit is the approach up the southeastern spur from Crug Hywel (Table Mountain).</p><br>
<p>The Equitable Building is a historic commercial office building located at 730 17th Street in Denver, Colorado.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Standing at a height of 125 feet with 9 stories, the steel-framed office tower became the tallest building in the city upon its completion in 1892, and retained that title until 1911, when it was surpassed by the Daniels & Fisher Tower. It is an excellent example of the Italian Renaissance Revival architecture of its day, with its numerous sets of arched windows and the ornately carved granite that define its appearance.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed by Jaques and Rantoul Andrews and built during the Denver building boom of the early 1890s, was highly cutting edge for its time in its utilization of many recent technological advances, and its self-sufficient infrastructure. As is mentioned in its NRHP designation, “To this day, the artesian well in the basement still runs the elevators, of which there are eight. All the rooms had radiators; most had water closets and hot and cold water, and many also had gas fireplaces.” The construction costs of the building amounted to $1,500,000.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1978.</p><br>
